Perang Saudara (Perang Secession) di Amerika Serikat (1861-1865)/Civil War (War of Secession) in the United States (1861-1865) FOR GENERAL HISTORY
Perang Saudara (Perang Secession) di Amerika Serikat (1861-1865)
(Sumber: Soeroto.1964. Indonesia Ditengah-tengah Dunia dari Abad keabad. Jakarta: Penerbit Djambatan. (perubahan: Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan/EYD))
Negara Amerika Serikat yang timbul dari kancah Perang Kemerdekaan (1776-1783) mula terdiri 13 negara. Masing Negara itu dikepalai oleh seorang gubernur dan berdaulat penuh untuk mengatur urusan dalam negeri sendiri. Negara itu tergabung dalam negeri serikat (Uni) yang berkedudukan di ibukota Washington dan dikepalai oleh seorang Presiden. Pemerintahan serikat mengurus hal yang mengenai kepentingan semua Negara bersama seperti pertahanan, perhubungan, politikm luar negeri dan sebagainya.
Negara Amerika Serikat itu letaknya di daerah pantai timur, di sebelah timur pegunungan Appalachia dan pegunungan Alleghany. Negeri itu membujur sepanjang pantai timur dari utara ke selatan. Antara Negara itu terdapat perbedaan besar dalam iklim. Negarai di sebelah utara termasuk daerah beriklim sedang dan dingin sedang Negara di sebelah selatan termasuk daerah sub tropis dan tropis. Perbedaan iklim itu mengakibatkan perbedaan pula dengan cara kehidupan dan sikap penduduknya. Maka terdapatlah pula perbedaan dalam perkembangan Negara itu.
Bagian Utara berkembang menjadi Negara industry, bagian selatan menjadi Negara pertanian, terutama penanaman kapas yang kemudian dikirim ke negeri Inggris untuk dimasak menjadi barang tenunan.
Kebun kapas itu sangat luas. Orang kulit putih tidak tahan mengerjakan di bawah terik matahari. Bangsa Indian pun tidak suka bekerja di kebun itu, mereka lebih suka tetap menuntut cara kehidupan yang lama sebagai pemburu. Sehingga harus dicari tenaga lain. Yang dipandang paling tepat adalah bangsa Negro dari Afrika. Bangsa negro itu badannya tegap dan kuat, mereka penduduk daerah tropis sehingga tahan saja bekerja di bawah terik matahari di kebun kapas di Amerika bagian selatan. Tingkat kehidupannya tentunya menurut saja segala perintah dan mudah diperbudak.
Maka datanglah berbondong kaum pemburu budak bangsa Eropa terutama bangsa Inggris, ke daerah pesisir dan daerah pedalaman Afrika mencari atau menangkap orang bangsa Negro ataupun membeli mereka dari kepala suku mereka dengan beberapa pucuk senapan atau dengan minuman keras. Orang negro celaka itu digiring ke pantai, di muat dalam perahu dan diangkut ke Amerika Serikat untuk dijual di sana di pasar budak. Cara menggiring orang Negro ke pantai dan mengangkutnya dalam perahu itu dilakukan dengan sangat kejam, tidak berbeda dengan cara menggiring dan mengangkut sapi. Sebagian besar di antara budak itu tidak tahan penderitaan pengangkutan yang sangat kejam itu dan meninggal di tengah jalan. Dalam abad XVIII diangkut rata-rata 400.000 orang Negro tiap tahun dari Afrika. Dari jumlah rata-rata 120.000 orang sampai di Amerika Serikat, lainnya meninggal di tengah jalan. Perdagangan budak itu berjalan sepanjang abad XVIII dan sebagian abad XIX dan merupakan halaman paling hitam dalam sejarah bangsa Eropa terutama bangsa Inggris.
Bagi perkembangan kebun kapas di Amerika Serikat bagian selatan, budak bangsa Negro itu sangat memuaskan. Mereka benar terbukti tahan panas matahari. Oleh karena mereka itu budak, maka mereka pun tidak dapat melarikan diri. Umpamanya mereka lari, mereka dapat ditangkap lagi dan dihukum dengan tutupan atau dengan pukulan dengan rotan. Bilamana mereka melawan, mereka dapat dibunuh begitu saja. Lagi pula, melarikan diri bagi budak itu juga tidak ada gunanya sebab mereka umumnya tidak dapat baca tulis, tidak mendapat pendidikan, tidak pula mempunyai suatu kecapakan bekerja untuk berdiri sendiri. Maka sebagian besar juga setia kepada tuannya masing-masing dan berturun temurun tetap tinggal budak sebab di luar kebun mereka tidak dapat mencari nafkah dan sebagai budak mereka setidaknya mendapat makanan, sungguhpun di dalam masyarakat mereka sama sekali tidak mempunyai suatu hak.
Pertentangan antara Negara di bagian Utara dan Negara di bagian Selatan antara lain juga mengenai soal perbudakan itu. Negara Selatan berpendapat bahwa mereka perlu akan budak itu. Sedang bagi Negara Utara perbudakan itu membawa berbagai pertanggung jawaban. Memelihara budak berarti juga mengadakan rumah bagi mereka, melakukan pengawasan, menjaga kesehatannya. Bagi kaum kapitalis pengusaha pabrik di Utara hal itu menyusahkan. Mereka perlu akan pekerja di pabrik untuk waktu yang tertentu.
Maka kaum pengusaha di Utara menganjurkan supaya perbudakan itu dihapuskan. Mereka mempergunakan alasan kemanusiaan, dan mengatakan bahwa kemerdekaan adalah tiap manusia. Maka perbudakan adalah barang yang zalim dan harus dilarang.
Mula pertentangan antara Utara dan Selatan itu tidak tajam. Tetapi setelah daerah Amerika Serikat meluas ke sebelah barat pegunungan Appalachia dan pegunungan Alleghany, timbullah persoalan apakah darah baru itu perbudakan diperkenankan ataukah harus dilarang. Negara Selatan menghendaki bahwa di Negara baru di daerah lembah sungai Mississippi perbudakan diperkenankan, Negara Utara menentangnya.
Pertentangan antara Utara dan Selatan meruncing dan tidak dapat didamaikan. Negara Selatan memutuskan untuk keluar dari Uni sendiri dengan Presiden baru, Jefferson Davis, dan ibukota baru, Richmond. Oleh pihak Utara tindakan Negara Selatan itu dipandang sebagai suatu tingakan yang bertentangan dengan Undang-undang Dasar Uni Amerika Serikat dan ditentang dengan keras. Maka pecahlah perang saudara antara Utara dan Selatan yang dalam sejarah dinamakan Perang Secession (secessions= memisahkan diri) yang berlangsung empat tahun lamanya (1861-1865). Untuk sekali bagi pihak Utara bahwa pimpinan negeri pada waktu itu ada ditangan seorang Presiden yang cakap, Abraham Lincoln. Tetapi mula Selatan mencapai berbagai kemenangan oleh karena di pihak Selatan terdapat banyak opsir cakap yang telah biasa memerintah tentara. Tetapi Utara jauh lebih kaya, industrinya dapat menghasilkan sendiri senjata dan alat perang lainnya sedang pihak Selatan tergantung dari pembelian dari luar negeri. Lagi pula, perhubungan laut sedari mula dikuasai oleh pihak Utara. Sungguhpun begitu, oleh pihak Utara kemenangan yang tidak mudah melainkan dengan susah payah dan banyak pengorbanan dan baru pada tahun 1865 pihak Selatan dapat dikalahkan.
Dengan kemenangan pihak Utara itu persatuan Uni dapat dipertahankan. Dimana perbudakan di hapuskan sehingga semua orang Negro dengan seketika menjadi merdeka. Tetapi kemerdekaan itu hanya hanya mengakibatkan kekacauan saja. Sebab oleh karena keemrdekaan itu bangsa Negro itu mendapat hak suara tetapi mereka tidak pernah mendapat sesuatu pendidikan dan tidak tahu bagaimana mempergunakan hak suara itu. Alhasil, suara mereka dibeli oleh pihak Utara untuk kepentingan kaum pengusaha dan kapitalis Negara Utara.
Pada hakekatnya nasib bangsa Negro tetap sengsara. Oleh orang Amerika Serikat, mereka tetap di pandang rendah. Dahulu mereka sedikit banyak masih diperlindungi setelah mereka merdeka, mereka di benci, oleh karena dalam teori mereka mempunyai hak yang sama dengan orang kulit putih. Di mana orang Amerika Serikat meendirikan perkumpulan “Ku Klux Klan” yang tujuannya mengganggu, menganiaya dan membunu orang Negro. Penganiayaan dan pembunuhan beramai terhadap orang Negro itu dinamakan “lynch parties”. Di bagian Utara pun sering diadakan “lynch parties” itu dan pada umumnya pemerintah Amerika Serikat tidak berdaya terhadap “lynch parties” itu sehingga bagi bangsa Negro di Amerika Serikat tidak ada ketentuan hukum. Mereka tetap bangsa terhina dan dalam prakteknya tidak pernah mendapat hak persamaan. Di seluruh negeri Amerika Serikat perbedaan antara bangsa kulit putih dengan kulit hitm selamanya dipertahankan dengan keras. Keadaan itu tetap sampai pada hari ini. Di kereta api mereka tidak boleh duduk dalam gerbong bersama dengan orang kulit putih; mereka tidak boleh masuk sekolah umum bagi mereka di adakan sekolah khusus untuk bangsa Negro. Perlakuan bangsa Amerika terhadap bangsa Negro itu merupakan noda terbesar dalam sejarahnya, justru oleh sebab bangsa Amerika memandang diri sebagai pembela dan pendekar kemerdekaan dan peri kemanusiaan.
Sehabis Perang Secession, Amerika Serikat mengalami kemajuan yang sangat pesat. Berbagai industry timbul. Di mana terdapat tambang besi dan tambang batu bara berdekatan, timbullah industry besi dan baja terutama di sekitar danau besar. Pusat perindustrian besi dan baja ialah Pittsburg, yang dengan cepat tumbuh menjadi kota besar, penuh dengan pabrik yang menghasilkan bermacam barang dari besi dan baja.
Amerika Serikat terbukti negeri yang sangat kaya. Dalam buminya terdapat sangat banyak minyak tanah dan emas. Semakin banyak orang dari Eropa tertarik oleh kekayaannya dan mengalir ke Amerika. Mereka yang tidak ke bagian tempat di bagian timur, mengarungi pegunungan Appalachia, menuju ke daerah padang rumput di lembah sungai Mississippi. Arus menuju ke arah barat berjalan terus. Juga Pegunungan Karang (Rocky Mountains) yang sangat dahsyat itu tidak dapat membendung arus manusia yang selalu menuju ke barat, mecari kekayaan terutama setelah tersiar berita bahwa di seberang Rocky Mountains, di tanah California terdapat emas.
Orang yang mengalir ke jurusan barat itu semua kaum perintis. Mereka gagah perkasa, berani, tidak takut mati. Kebanyakan orang bekas hukuman yang dapat melarikan diri atau orang yang pernah melakukan pembunuhan atau kejahatan lain, yang dikejar oleh polisi. Di daerah barat yang masih liar dan belum ada hukum, mereka merasa bebas “Wild West”. Tujuannya hanya mencari kekayaan secepatnya. Sudah tentu hanya mereka yang paling kuat dan berani, yang paling ulet, dan hidup terus. Banyak diantara mereka menjadi kaya, tetapi jauh lebih banyak lagi binasa di tengah jalan oleh karena tidak tahan penderitaan atau terbunuh.
Akhirnya sebagian besar kekayaan jatuh ditangan beberapa orang yang kuat, cerdik, ulet dan kejam. Orang yang sangat kaya itu menyewa orang penjahat, gangsters, untuk membinasakan pesaingnya.
Di antaranya iala Morgan yang menguasai jalan kereta api yang menghubungkan pantai Atlantika di timur dengan pantai Pasifik di barat.
Perusahan kecil tidak dapat bertahan dalam persaingan dengan perusahaan besar dan binasa. Perusahaan besar makin besar dan kuasa dan merupakan trust yang menguasai produksi dan harga barang.
IN ENGLISH (with google translate Indonesian-english):
Civil War (War of Secession) in the United States (1861-1865)
(Source: Soeroto.1964. Indonesia midst of World Ages keabad. Jakarta: Publisher Djambatan. (Changes: Enhanced Spell / EYD))
Country United States arising out of the arena of the War of Independence (1776-1783) initially comprised 13 countries. Each state is headed by a governor and sovereign to regulate its own internal affairs. Countries that are members of the domestic union (EU) based in the capital city of Washington and headed by a President. Government unions regarding care of the interests of all countries together such as defense, communications, politikm abroad and so on.
The United States is located in the east coast, east of the mountains of Appalachia and the Alleghany mountains. The country lengthwise along the east coast from north to south. Between country there are large differences in climate. Negarai the north including temperate and cold regions being the State in the south, including sub-tropical and tropical regions. Climate differences also lead to differences in the way of life and attitude of its inhabitants.Then there exists also a difference in the development of State.
The North developed into a state industry, the southern part of the State to agriculture, especially cotton growing country which is then sent to England to be cooked into fabric.
Cotton fields was very spacious. White people can not stand working under the hot sun. The Indians did not like working in the garden, they prefer to keep the old way of life requires a hunter. So that should be sought by others. Considered the most appropriate of the African Negro race. Negro nation body straight and strong, they are the tropics so hold only work under the scorching sun in the cotton fields in the American south. The level of life is certainly obeyed all the commandments and easily enslaved.
Then came the slave hunters flock Europeans, especially the British, to the coastal areas and the interior of Africa seek or capture the nation Negro or buy them from their chief with some guns or liquor.Damn niggers herded to the beach, loaded the boat and transported to the United States to be sold there in the slave market. How to lead the Negroes to the beach and transport the boat was done very cruel, not unlike the way and transporting cattle herding. Most of the slaves that do not bear the freight cruel suffering and dying in the middle of the road. In the XVIII century transported an average of 400,000 people each year from African Negro. Of the average number of 120,000 people arrived in the United States, the other died on the way. Slave trade was walking along the XVIII century and most of the nineteenth century and is the blackest pages in the history of Europe, especially the British.
For the development of the cotton fields in the southern United States, slave nation Negro was very satisfying. They really proved resistant sun. Because they were slaves, they were not able to escape. For example they run, they can be arrested again and sentenced to cover or blow with a rattan. When they fight, they can be killed just like that. After all, an escape for the slave is also of no use because they are generally not able to read and write, not educated, nor has a kecapakan work to stand on its own. So most are also loyal to their master and slave berturun traditionally remained outside the garden because they can not make a living as a slave and they at least got the food, though in a society they do not have a right.
Conflicts between the countries in the Northern and Southern parts of the State, among others also the matter of slavery. Southern countries argue that they should be slaves. As for the North Country slavery was brought various accountability. Maintaining means also held slaves to their homes, to supervise, maintain their health. For the capitalist manufacturers in the North it is bothersome. They need to be working at the plant for a certain time.
So the employers in the North suggested that slavery was abolished. They use humanitarian grounds, saying that freedom is every man. So slavery is unjust items and should be banned.
At antagonism between North and South is not sharp. But after the United States extends to areas west of the mountains of Appalachia and the Alleghany mountains, there arises the question of whether the new blood that slavery should be allowed or prohibited.Southern states require that new state in the Mississippi River valley allowed slavery, against Northern State.
Conflicts between the North and South tapered and can not be reconciled. Southern states decided to get out of the Union itself with a new president, Jefferson Davis, and the new capital, Richmond. By the North South State action was seen as a tingakan contrary to the Constitution of the United States and the Union strongly opposed. Then came the civil war between North and South in the history of the so-called War of Secession (secessions = split) which lasted for four years (1861-1865). For once for the North that led the country at that time is in the hands of a competent president, Abraham Lincoln. But the South first achieve various victory in the South because there are many competent officers who have regular army rule. North but much richer, the industry can produce its own weapons and other armaments were the South depends on purchases from overseas. Moreover, since the early sea communications controlled by the North. Even though so, by the North that is not easy to win but with difficulty and a lot of sacrifice and new in 1865, the South can be defeated.
With the victory of the North was the Union unity can be maintained.Where abolish slavery so that all Negroes immediately becoming independent. But independence was only only only lead to chaos.For because keemrdekaan the nation Negro gets voting rights but they never got any education and do not know how to make it sound right. As a result, their voices are purchased by the North to the interests of the capitalist entrepreneur and the North Country.
In essence the fate of the Negro still miserable. By the United States, they remain at a low perspective. Previously, they were a bit much still diperlindungi after their independence, their hate, because in theory they have the same rights as white people.Where the United States meendirikan association "Ku Klux Klan" whose purpose disturb, molest and membunu Negroes. The persecution and murder of the Negro gang was called "lynch parties". In the northern part were frequently held "lynch parties" and the U.S. government are generally powerless to "lynch parties" so that the Negro people in the United States there is no law. They keep the nation humiliated and in practice never got the equation right. Across the country the United States the difference between the white skin forever maintained hitm hard. This situation remained until this day. On the train they were not allowed to sit in the car with white people, they are not allowed in public schools held them in special schools for Negro nation. Treatment of the American people against the Negro was the biggest stain in history, precisely because the American people see themselves as warriors and defenders of freedom and humanity.
After the War of Secession, the United States experienced a very rapid progress. Various industry arise. Where there are mines of iron and coal mines adjacent, the iron and steel industry arose particularly around the Great Lakes. The center of the iron and steel industry is Pittsburg, which quickly grew into a great city, full of plants that produce a variety of iron and steel.
United States proved to be a very rich country. In their ground there is so much oil and gold. More and more people from Europe attracted by the wealth and flows into the United States. They are not to the point in the east, wading through mountains of Appalachia, heading to the pastures in the valley of the Mississippi River. Flow heading west continues. Also Mountain Coral (Rocky Mountains) which is very powerful it can not stem the flow of people who always go west, search the wealth especially after the news broke that across the Rocky Mountains, there is gold in the land of California.
The man who westward flowing into it all the pioneers. They are brave, courageous, not afraid of death. Most of the former were able to escape punishment or people who have committed murder or other crimes, being pursued by police. In the west is still wild and there is no law, they are free "Wild West". The goal is simply seeking wealth immediately. Surely only the most powerful and courageous, the most resilient, and survive. Many of them became rich, but far more perish in the middle of the road because not bear suffering or killed.
Eventually most of the fall in the hands of some of the wealth of strong, smart, tough and ruthless. People who are very wealthy people hire criminals, gangsters, to destroy competitors.
Among IALA Morgan who controlled the railroad linking the east coast Atlantika the Pacific coast in the west.
Small companies can not survive in competition with large companies and perish. Large companies increasingly large and powerful and is a trust that controls the production and prices of goods.
(Source: Soeroto.1964. Indonesia midst of World Ages keabad. Jakarta: Publisher Djambatan. (Changes: Enhanced Spell / EYD))
Country United States arising out of the arena of the War of Independence (1776-1783) initially comprised 13 countries. Each state is headed by a governor and sovereign to regulate its own internal affairs. Countries that are members of the domestic union (EU) based in the capital city of Washington and headed by a President. Government unions regarding care of the interests of all countries together such as defense, communications, politikm abroad and so on.
The United States is located in the east coast, east of the mountains of Appalachia and the Alleghany mountains. The country lengthwise along the east coast from north to south. Between country there are large differences in climate. Negarai the north including temperate and cold regions being the State in the south, including sub-tropical and tropical regions. Climate differences also lead to differences in the way of life and attitude of its inhabitants.Then there exists also a difference in the development of State.
The North developed into a state industry, the southern part of the State to agriculture, especially cotton growing country which is then sent to England to be cooked into fabric.
Cotton fields was very spacious. White people can not stand working under the hot sun. The Indians did not like working in the garden, they prefer to keep the old way of life requires a hunter. So that should be sought by others. Considered the most appropriate of the African Negro race. Negro nation body straight and strong, they are the tropics so hold only work under the scorching sun in the cotton fields in the American south. The level of life is certainly obeyed all the commandments and easily enslaved.
Then came the slave hunters flock Europeans, especially the British, to the coastal areas and the interior of Africa seek or capture the nation Negro or buy them from their chief with some guns or liquor.Damn niggers herded to the beach, loaded the boat and transported to the United States to be sold there in the slave market. How to lead the Negroes to the beach and transport the boat was done very cruel, not unlike the way and transporting cattle herding. Most of the slaves that do not bear the freight cruel suffering and dying in the middle of the road. In the XVIII century transported an average of 400,000 people each year from African Negro. Of the average number of 120,000 people arrived in the United States, the other died on the way. Slave trade was walking along the XVIII century and most of the nineteenth century and is the blackest pages in the history of Europe, especially the British.
For the development of the cotton fields in the southern United States, slave nation Negro was very satisfying. They really proved resistant sun. Because they were slaves, they were not able to escape. For example they run, they can be arrested again and sentenced to cover or blow with a rattan. When they fight, they can be killed just like that. After all, an escape for the slave is also of no use because they are generally not able to read and write, not educated, nor has a kecapakan work to stand on its own. So most are also loyal to their master and slave berturun traditionally remained outside the garden because they can not make a living as a slave and they at least got the food, though in a society they do not have a right.
Conflicts between the countries in the Northern and Southern parts of the State, among others also the matter of slavery. Southern countries argue that they should be slaves. As for the North Country slavery was brought various accountability. Maintaining means also held slaves to their homes, to supervise, maintain their health. For the capitalist manufacturers in the North it is bothersome. They need to be working at the plant for a certain time.
So the employers in the North suggested that slavery was abolished. They use humanitarian grounds, saying that freedom is every man. So slavery is unjust items and should be banned.
At antagonism between North and South is not sharp. But after the United States extends to areas west of the mountains of Appalachia and the Alleghany mountains, there arises the question of whether the new blood that slavery should be allowed or prohibited.Southern states require that new state in the Mississippi River valley allowed slavery, against Northern State.
Conflicts between the North and South tapered and can not be reconciled. Southern states decided to get out of the Union itself with a new president, Jefferson Davis, and the new capital, Richmond. By the North South State action was seen as a tingakan contrary to the Constitution of the United States and the Union strongly opposed. Then came the civil war between North and South in the history of the so-called War of Secession (secessions = split) which lasted for four years (1861-1865). For once for the North that led the country at that time is in the hands of a competent president, Abraham Lincoln. But the South first achieve various victory in the South because there are many competent officers who have regular army rule. North but much richer, the industry can produce its own weapons and other armaments were the South depends on purchases from overseas. Moreover, since the early sea communications controlled by the North. Even though so, by the North that is not easy to win but with difficulty and a lot of sacrifice and new in 1865, the South can be defeated.
With the victory of the North was the Union unity can be maintained.Where abolish slavery so that all Negroes immediately becoming independent. But independence was only only only lead to chaos.For because keemrdekaan the nation Negro gets voting rights but they never got any education and do not know how to make it sound right. As a result, their voices are purchased by the North to the interests of the capitalist entrepreneur and the North Country.
In essence the fate of the Negro still miserable. By the United States, they remain at a low perspective. Previously, they were a bit much still diperlindungi after their independence, their hate, because in theory they have the same rights as white people.Where the United States meendirikan association "Ku Klux Klan" whose purpose disturb, molest and membunu Negroes. The persecution and murder of the Negro gang was called "lynch parties". In the northern part were frequently held "lynch parties" and the U.S. government are generally powerless to "lynch parties" so that the Negro people in the United States there is no law. They keep the nation humiliated and in practice never got the equation right. Across the country the United States the difference between the white skin forever maintained hitm hard. This situation remained until this day. On the train they were not allowed to sit in the car with white people, they are not allowed in public schools held them in special schools for Negro nation. Treatment of the American people against the Negro was the biggest stain in history, precisely because the American people see themselves as warriors and defenders of freedom and humanity.
After the War of Secession, the United States experienced a very rapid progress. Various industry arise. Where there are mines of iron and coal mines adjacent, the iron and steel industry arose particularly around the Great Lakes. The center of the iron and steel industry is Pittsburg, which quickly grew into a great city, full of plants that produce a variety of iron and steel.
United States proved to be a very rich country. In their ground there is so much oil and gold. More and more people from Europe attracted by the wealth and flows into the United States. They are not to the point in the east, wading through mountains of Appalachia, heading to the pastures in the valley of the Mississippi River. Flow heading west continues. Also Mountain Coral (Rocky Mountains) which is very powerful it can not stem the flow of people who always go west, search the wealth especially after the news broke that across the Rocky Mountains, there is gold in the land of California.
The man who westward flowing into it all the pioneers. They are brave, courageous, not afraid of death. Most of the former were able to escape punishment or people who have committed murder or other crimes, being pursued by police. In the west is still wild and there is no law, they are free "Wild West". The goal is simply seeking wealth immediately. Surely only the most powerful and courageous, the most resilient, and survive. Many of them became rich, but far more perish in the middle of the road because not bear suffering or killed.
Eventually most of the fall in the hands of some of the wealth of strong, smart, tough and ruthless. People who are very wealthy people hire criminals, gangsters, to destroy competitors.
Among IALA Morgan who controlled the railroad linking the east coast Atlantika the Pacific coast in the west.
Small companies can not survive in competition with large companies and perish. Large companies increasingly large and powerful and is a trust that controls the production and prices of goods.
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