Geografi Timor Leste pada saat menjadi Timor Timur (Indonesia)/Geography of Timor Leste when it became East Timor (Indonesia) FOR GENERAL HISTORY
Geografi Timor Leste pada saat menjadi Timor Timur (Indonesia)
(Sumber: Sarjono, V.1977. Kembalinya Saudara yang Hilang. Jakarta: Penerbit Sahid & Co oleh Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.)
A) Letak Timor Timur
Yang dimaksud dengan Timor Timur adalah semua daerah bekas jajahan Portugis di pulau Timor dan pulau-pulau di sekitarnya.
Letaknya di sebelah Timur, Timor Indonesia. Daerahnya meliputi: Timor Oecussi, Timor Timur, Pulau Atauro (Pulau Kambing) dan Pulau Yaco.
Secara geografis (ilmu bumi) Timor Timur, terletak antara:
1) 8O 17- 10O22 lintang Selatan.
2) 123o 25-127o19” Bujur Timur.
Atau dengan batas laut sebagai berikut:
1) Batas selatan Laut Timor (Samudera Indonesia).
2) Batas Timur Laut Banda.
3) Batas Utara Laut Wetar dan Laut Flores.
4) Batas Barat Kabupaten Belu Timor Indonesia.
Sedang Timor Decusi batasnya adalah Sebelah Utara Laut Sabu dan sebelah Selatan, Barat dan Timur adalah Kabupaten Timor Kupang.
B) Luas Timor Timur
Luas seluruh Timor Timur berjumlah 18.899 kilometer persegi, terdiri atas:
1) Luas Timor Timur : 17.900 kilometer persegi.
2) Luas Timor Oecussi : 850 kilometer persegi.
3) Luas Pulau Atauro : 144 kilometer persegi.
4) Luas Pulau Yaco : 5 kilometer persegi.
Panjang perbatasan Timor Timur dengan Kabupaten Belu: 122 km.
Panjang perbatasan Timor Oecussi 80 km.
B) Keadaan Tanah
Keadaan permukaan tanah di Timor Timur hampir seluruhnya terdiri atas pegunungan. Dari Timor Timur bagian Barat sampai ujung Timur pulau itu dari sepanjang pantai Utara sampai sepanjang pantai Selatan merupakan pegunungan. Demikian pula di pulau Atauro yang terletak di Utara kota Dili maupun Pulau Yaco yang terletak di ujung Timur Pulau Timor. Keistimewaan dari pegunungan di Timor Timur ialah ditandai dengan adanya karang yang tajam. Sebagai missal pegunungan di Baucau dan Lautem serta Lospalaos, dan sedikit lagi di sekitar kota Dili. Ciri lain yang menonjol ialah terdapat pegunungan yang tanahnya terdiri tanah liat yang tidak menyerap air, sehingga kalau musim hujan tiba pasti terjadi banjir. Dan sebagai cirri terakhir dari Pegunungan di Timor Timur adalah juga merupakan pegunungan kapur.
Kelihatan pegunungan di Timor Timur tidak berbeda dengan pegunungan di Indonesia lainnya. Namun dalam kenyataan terdapat perbedaannya. Pegunungan di sana berbelah-belah dengan lerengnya curam.
Di Timor Timur juga terdapat dataran tinggi. Dataran tinggi yang luas terdapat di Baucau dan Maliana. Di samping dataran tinggi terdapat pula gunung-gunung. Gunung TataMaiLau, (Ramelau) gunung Matebian, gunung Boicau, gunung Caterai, gunung Darilau, gunung Cablac merupakan gunung yang tingginya di atas 2000 meter. Sedang gunung yang paling tinggi di Timor TImur adalah gunung Tata Mai Lau yang tingginya kurang lebih 2.950 meter yang terletak di bagian tengah Timor Timur.
Jika dibandingkan dengan dataran tingginya, dataran rendah di Timor Timur sangat sedikit. Kebanyakan hanya terdapat di pantai. Dataran rendah yang terdapat di sepanjang pantai Utara, panjang dari pantai sekitar 2 a 3 km saja. Itupun tidak selalu terdapat sepanjang pantai, sebab kadang terdapat pula pegunungan yang menjorok ke laut. Dataran rendah di pantai Selatan terdapat di Kabupaten Suai (Covalina) dan Kabupaten Viqueque. Sedangkan dataran rendah lain yang memungkinkan untuk dibuka pertanian adalah lembah sungai Nunura dna lembah sungai Saint Louis.
D) Sungai
Di Timor Timur banyak sekali didapatkan sungai, karena tanahnya memang berupa pegunungan. Sungai pada musim kemarau kering, pada musim hujan banjir. Sungai yang mengalir sepanjang tahun hanya sungai ST. Louis dan sungai Laclo. Sungai-sungai yang mengalir ke Utara adalah Sungai Saint Louis, Sungai Comoro, Sungai Laclo, Sungai Baucau. Sedangkan sungai yang mengalir ke Selatan adalah Sungai Tawara.
E) Rawa-rawa
Meskipun daerah pegunungan namun daerah rawanya ada pula yaitu di daerah Kabupaten Suai dan Kabupaten Viqueque.
F) Danau
Danau Seloi adalah satu-satunya danay yang terkenal di Timor Timur. Letaknya di antara kota Alieu dan Ermera. Ditempat lain juga terdapat danau. Tetapi kecil, yang berfungi sebagai sumber air untuk keperluan penduduk sekitarnya. Misalnya danay yang terletak antara Dili dengan Liquisa dan sebagainya.
G) Iklim
Iklim di Timor Timur seperti iklim di daerah Indonesia lainnya. Yaitu iklim tropis. Pada musim kemarau angin bertiup dari arah Tenggara. Biasanya terjadi pada bulan Juni sampai Oktober. Musim hujan berlangsung antara bulan Desember sampai April. Pada musim ini angin bertiup dari arah barat laut. Dalam kenyataannya dalam ke dua musim itu angin Barat dan angin timur berpengaruh pula di daerah itu. Mungkin karena letaknya yang terbuka di ujung timur dan selatan Negara kita itu.
Bulan Mei dan November merupakan masa peralihan musim. Keadaan iklim dan pegunungan yang demikian mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca di Timor Timur. Cuaca di Timor Timur sangat buruk dan tidak menentu. Kadang-kadang cerah tetapi kemudian gelap karena kabut yang menutupi pegunungan. Pada pagi hari kadang-kadang keadana cerah. Tetapi kira-kira jam 12.00 kabut sudah menutupi pegunungan. Atau juga kadang-kadang sebaliknya. Pagi hari kabut tebal, sore hari cerah. Hal ini dengan sendirinya mempengaruhi keadaan suhu. Jadi suhu udara di sana pun tidak menentu pula. Kadang-kadang panas tetapi kadang-kadang dingin bahkan kadang seperti tidak ada udara sama sekali. Suhu terendah 18 derajat Celcius dan suhu tertinggi 32 derajat Celcius.
H) Tumbuh-Tumbuhan
Seperti di daerah Indonesia Timur lainnya, Timor Timur juga termasuk suatu daerah hutan savanna. Dalam hutan savanna itu tumbuh-tumbuhan termasuk pohon perdu, pendek, jarang dan berduri. Di Timor Timur tumbuh pohon Asam, dan siwalan (semacam pohon aren) yang buahnya dapat dibuat kolang kaling atau minuman keras yang terkenal dengan nama Tinto.
I) Laut dan Pulau
Di atas telah dikemukakan bahwa Timor Timur dibatasi oleh laut. Sebelah Selatan Laut Timor (Samudera Indonesia), sebelah Timur Laut Banda (Laut Maluku), sebelah utara Laut Flores dan Selat Wetar. Sebagaimana Laut di Indonesia, Laut di sebelah utara Timor lebih dangkal jika dibandingkan dengan Samudera Indonesia yang letaknya di sebelah selatan pulau itu. Namun yang perlu diperhatikan di sini bahwa Laut Timor merupakan pertemuan antara tiga lautan yaitu Samudera Indonesia dengan Laut Banda dan Laut Makasar.
Hal itu menyebabkan banyak di dapatkan ikan di sana. Letak titik pertemuan dari ketiga laut itu terletak di sebelah Barat pulau Atauro. Di sana dijumpai suatu tempat pertemuan arus dari ketiga saumdera tersebut di atas sehingga hal ini perlu menjadi perhatian bagi pelayaran. Di samping adanya tempat pertemuan arus itu yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian bagi para nahkoda adalah banyaknya karang Samudera. Sebagai contoh dapat diperhatikan karang yang terletak di muka pelabuhan Dili. Di samping pulau Timor, bekas jajahan Portugis tersebut terdapat suatu daerah lain yaitu pulau Atauro dan pulau Yaco.
Pulau Atauro yang disebut juga pulau Kambing memiliki suatu keistimewaan khusus. Di sebut pulau Kambing, karena di sana memang di dapatkan banyak kambing. Keistimewaan lain dinyatakan bahwa menurut penduduk Timor Timur pulau Atauro dipergunakan oleh Portugis sebagai tempat pembuangan atau hukuman seperti pulau Nusa Kambangan yang terletak di sebelah selatan Jawa (Indonesia). Pulau Atauro ini jauhnya dari Dili kurang lebih 4-5 mil laut. Lain halnya dengan pula Yaco yang terletak diujung timur pulau Timor dengan luas 5 km2 merupakan pulau yang cocok untuk peternakan sapi atau biri-biri.
IN ENGLISH (with google translate Indonesian-english):
Geography of East Timor when it became East Timor (Indonesia)
(Source: Sarjono, V.1977. Brothers Return of the Prodigal. Jakarta: Publisher Sahid & Co by the Ministry of Education and Culture.)
A) Location of East Timor
The meaning of all the regions of East Timor is the former Portuguese colony on the island of Timor and surrounding islands.
It's on the east, East Indonesia. The terrain includes: Oecussi Timor, East Timor, Atauro Island (Goat Island) and Isla Yaco.
Geographically (earth science) of East Timor, located between:
1) 8o 17 - 10o 22 South latitude.
2) 25-127o 123o 19 'east longitude.
Or the sea boundaries as follows:
1) Limit southern Timor Sea (Indonesia Ocean).
2) Limit Northeast Banda.
3) Limit Wetar North Sea and Flores Sea.
4) Limit the Belu district of West Timor Indonesia.
Medium Decusi Timor Sea boundary is Northern Sabu and South, East and West is East Kupang regency.
B) Area of East Timor
Widespread throughout the territory amounted to 18 899 square kilometers, consisting of:
1) East Timor Area: 17,900 square kilometers.
2) Wide Timor Oecussi: 850 square kilometers.
3) Area of Atauro Island: 144 square kilometers.
4) The island Yaco: 5 square kilometers.
The length of the border with East Timor Belu: 122 miles.
Oecussi the border length of 80 km.
B) The state Land
The state of the ground in East Timor almost entirely composed of mountains. From the western part of East Timor to the eastern tip of the island along the coast from north to south along the coast is mountainous. Similarly Atauro island located in the North Island city of Dili and Yaco located on the eastern tip of the island of Timor. The specialty of the mountains of East Timor was marked by a sharp rock. For eg mountains in Baucau and Lautem and Lospalaos, and a little more around the city of Dili.Another feature that stands out is that there are mountains composed of clay soil that does not absorb water, so when the rainy season comes the inevitable flood. And as a last cirri of Mountains in East Timor is also a limestone mountain.
Mountains in East Timor look no different from other mountains in Indonesia. But in reality there is a difference. Mountains there split apart with a steep slope.
In East Timor, there is also a plateau. There is a vast plateau in Baucau and Maliana. In addition there are also highland mountains. Mount TataMaiLau, (Ramelau) Matebian mountain, mountain Boicau, Caterai mountain, mountain Darilau, mountain Cablac a high mountain above 2000 meters. Being the highest mountain in EAST Timor is Mount Tata Mai Lau approximately 2950 meters high, located in the central part of East Timor.
When compared with the highlands, the lowlands of East Timor is very little. Mostly just there on the beach. Lowlands are located along the northern coast, the length of the beach about 2 a 3 km course. And that's not always there along the coast, because sometimes there is also a mountain that juts into the sea.Lowlands in the south coast are in Suai district (Covalina) and Viqueque district. While other lowland agriculture is possible to open the river valley basin Nunura dna Saint Louis.
D) River
East Timor gained a lot of rivers, because the land is in the form of mountains. Dry river in the dry season, the rainy season floods.The river which flows throughout the year only river ST. Louis and the river Laclo. The rivers that flow into the North River was Saint Louis, Comoro River, Laclo River, River Baucau. While the river is a river flowing into the South Tawara.
E) Swamps
Although the mountain areas but there is also the swamp area in the district of Suai and Viqueque district.
F) Lake
Seloi Lake is the only famous Danay East Timor. It is in the town of Alieu and Ermera. Elsewhere there is also a lake. But a small, functioning as a source of water for surrounding residents. For example Danay located between Dili Liquisa and so on.
G) Climate
The climate in East Timor as the climate in the rest of Indonesia.That tropical climate. In the dry season winds blow from the southeast. It usually occurs in June to October. The rainy season lasts between December and April. In this season the wind blowing from the northwest. In fact, in the two seasons that the West wind and east wind also influential in the area. Maybe because it was open at the east end and south of our country's.
May and November are transitional seasons. Climatic conditions and thus affect the mountain weather conditions in East Timor.Weather in East Timor is very poor and erratic. Sometimes bright but then dark because of fog covered mountains. On the morning sometimes keadana bright. But at about 12:00 the fog had covered mountains. Or it is sometimes otherwise. Morning fog, sunny afternoon. This naturally affects the ambient temperature.So the air temperature there was also erratic. Sometimes hot but sometimes cold, sometimes even as there is no air at all. The lowest temperature of 18 degrees Celsius and the maximum temperature 32 degrees Celsius.
H) Plants
As in other areas of East Indonesia, East Timor also includes an area of savanna forest. In the forest savanna vegetation that includes trees shrubs, short, sparse and prickly. In East Timor Acid trees grow, and siwalan (a kind of palm tree) which can be made fro forth fruit or liquor known as Tinto.
I) and Sea Island
Above we noted that East Timor is limited by the sea. South of the Timor Sea (Indonesia Ocean), north-east of Banda (Molucca Sea), north of the Flores Sea and the Strait of Wetar. As Sea in Indonesia, Timor Sea in the north more shallow when compared to Ocean Indonesia which is located in the south of the island. But keep in mind here that the Timor Sea is a sea of the three meetings between the Indonesian Ocean with Sea Banda Sea and Makassar.
That caused a lot of the get fish in there. The location of the meeting point of three sea is located on the western island of Atauro. There found a current meeting place of the three aforementioned saumdera so this should be a concern to shipping. In addition to the current meeting place of concern for the helmsman is the number of ocean reefs. As an example can be considered reef located in front of the port of Dili. In addition to the island of Timor, the former Portuguese colony is there some other areas of the island and the island of Atauro Yaco.
Atauro island called Goat Island also has a special feature.Called Goat island, as there is in getting a lot of goats. Another specialty is stated that according to the population of East Timor by the Portuguese used Atauro island as a place of exile or punishment such as Nusa Kambangan island located in the south of Java (Indonesia). Atauro Island is far from Dili about 4-5 nautical miles. As with Yaco also located at the eastern end of Timor island with an area of 5 km2 is an island that is suitable for cattle or sheep.
(Source: Sarjono, V.1977. Brothers Return of the Prodigal. Jakarta: Publisher Sahid & Co by the Ministry of Education and Culture.)
A) Location of East Timor
The meaning of all the regions of East Timor is the former Portuguese colony on the island of Timor and surrounding islands.
It's on the east, East Indonesia. The terrain includes: Oecussi Timor, East Timor, Atauro Island (Goat Island) and Isla Yaco.
Geographically (earth science) of East Timor, located between:
1) 8o 17 - 10o 22 South latitude.
2) 25-127o 123o 19 'east longitude.
Or the sea boundaries as follows:
1) Limit southern Timor Sea (Indonesia Ocean).
2) Limit Northeast Banda.
3) Limit Wetar North Sea and Flores Sea.
4) Limit the Belu district of West Timor Indonesia.
Medium Decusi Timor Sea boundary is Northern Sabu and South, East and West is East Kupang regency.
B) Area of East Timor
Widespread throughout the territory amounted to 18 899 square kilometers, consisting of:
1) East Timor Area: 17,900 square kilometers.
2) Wide Timor Oecussi: 850 square kilometers.
3) Area of Atauro Island: 144 square kilometers.
4) The island Yaco: 5 square kilometers.
The length of the border with East Timor Belu: 122 miles.
Oecussi the border length of 80 km.
B) The state Land
The state of the ground in East Timor almost entirely composed of mountains. From the western part of East Timor to the eastern tip of the island along the coast from north to south along the coast is mountainous. Similarly Atauro island located in the North Island city of Dili and Yaco located on the eastern tip of the island of Timor. The specialty of the mountains of East Timor was marked by a sharp rock. For eg mountains in Baucau and Lautem and Lospalaos, and a little more around the city of Dili.Another feature that stands out is that there are mountains composed of clay soil that does not absorb water, so when the rainy season comes the inevitable flood. And as a last cirri of Mountains in East Timor is also a limestone mountain.
Mountains in East Timor look no different from other mountains in Indonesia. But in reality there is a difference. Mountains there split apart with a steep slope.
In East Timor, there is also a plateau. There is a vast plateau in Baucau and Maliana. In addition there are also highland mountains. Mount TataMaiLau, (Ramelau) Matebian mountain, mountain Boicau, Caterai mountain, mountain Darilau, mountain Cablac a high mountain above 2000 meters. Being the highest mountain in EAST Timor is Mount Tata Mai Lau approximately 2950 meters high, located in the central part of East Timor.
When compared with the highlands, the lowlands of East Timor is very little. Mostly just there on the beach. Lowlands are located along the northern coast, the length of the beach about 2 a 3 km course. And that's not always there along the coast, because sometimes there is also a mountain that juts into the sea.Lowlands in the south coast are in Suai district (Covalina) and Viqueque district. While other lowland agriculture is possible to open the river valley basin Nunura dna Saint Louis.
D) River
East Timor gained a lot of rivers, because the land is in the form of mountains. Dry river in the dry season, the rainy season floods.The river which flows throughout the year only river ST. Louis and the river Laclo. The rivers that flow into the North River was Saint Louis, Comoro River, Laclo River, River Baucau. While the river is a river flowing into the South Tawara.
E) Swamps
Although the mountain areas but there is also the swamp area in the district of Suai and Viqueque district.
F) Lake
Seloi Lake is the only famous Danay East Timor. It is in the town of Alieu and Ermera. Elsewhere there is also a lake. But a small, functioning as a source of water for surrounding residents. For example Danay located between Dili Liquisa and so on.
G) Climate
The climate in East Timor as the climate in the rest of Indonesia.That tropical climate. In the dry season winds blow from the southeast. It usually occurs in June to October. The rainy season lasts between December and April. In this season the wind blowing from the northwest. In fact, in the two seasons that the West wind and east wind also influential in the area. Maybe because it was open at the east end and south of our country's.
May and November are transitional seasons. Climatic conditions and thus affect the mountain weather conditions in East Timor.Weather in East Timor is very poor and erratic. Sometimes bright but then dark because of fog covered mountains. On the morning sometimes keadana bright. But at about 12:00 the fog had covered mountains. Or it is sometimes otherwise. Morning fog, sunny afternoon. This naturally affects the ambient temperature.So the air temperature there was also erratic. Sometimes hot but sometimes cold, sometimes even as there is no air at all. The lowest temperature of 18 degrees Celsius and the maximum temperature 32 degrees Celsius.
H) Plants
As in other areas of East Indonesia, East Timor also includes an area of savanna forest. In the forest savanna vegetation that includes trees shrubs, short, sparse and prickly. In East Timor Acid trees grow, and siwalan (a kind of palm tree) which can be made fro forth fruit or liquor known as Tinto.
I) and Sea Island
Above we noted that East Timor is limited by the sea. South of the Timor Sea (Indonesia Ocean), north-east of Banda (Molucca Sea), north of the Flores Sea and the Strait of Wetar. As Sea in Indonesia, Timor Sea in the north more shallow when compared to Ocean Indonesia which is located in the south of the island. But keep in mind here that the Timor Sea is a sea of the three meetings between the Indonesian Ocean with Sea Banda Sea and Makassar.
That caused a lot of the get fish in there. The location of the meeting point of three sea is located on the western island of Atauro. There found a current meeting place of the three aforementioned saumdera so this should be a concern to shipping. In addition to the current meeting place of concern for the helmsman is the number of ocean reefs. As an example can be considered reef located in front of the port of Dili. In addition to the island of Timor, the former Portuguese colony is there some other areas of the island and the island of Atauro Yaco.
Atauro island called Goat Island also has a special feature.Called Goat island, as there is in getting a lot of goats. Another specialty is stated that according to the population of East Timor by the Portuguese used Atauro island as a place of exile or punishment such as Nusa Kambangan island located in the south of Java (Indonesia). Atauro Island is far from Dili about 4-5 nautical miles. As with Yaco also located at the eastern end of Timor island with an area of 5 km2 is an island that is suitable for cattle or sheep.
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