Dua Negara Raksasa setelah Perang Dunia Kedua sampai tahun 1964/Two giant state after the Second World War until 1964 FOR GENERAL HISTORY
Dua Negara Raksasa setelah Perang Dunia Kedua sampai tahun 1964
(Sumber: Soeroto.1964. Indonesia Ditengah-tengah Dunia dari Abad keabad. Jakarta: Penerbit Djambatan. (perubahan: Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan/EYD))
Perang Dunia Kedua yang meletus pada 3 September 1939 dan berakhir di Eropa 7 Mei 1945 dan di Asia 14 Agustus 1945 sangat hebat pengarunya dalam perkembangan negeri di seluruh dunia. Perang Dunia Kedua itu telah mengubah wajah dunia seluruhnya, menghapus berbagai hubungan lama, meletakkan hubungan baru. Berbagai Negara jatuh, Negara lain timbul. Wajah Eropa pada tahun 1945 itu berbeda sekali daripada pada tahun 1939. Tetapi jauh lebih hebat ialah perubahan serta penggeseran kekuasaan yang terjadi di Asia dan lebih lagi di Afrika.
Dua raksasa timbul dari kancah peperangan dan menguasai Dunia: Amerika Serikat dan Uni Soviet.
Antara dua Negara raksasa itu mula Amerika Serikat adalah yang terkuat. Pada tahun pertama sesudah Perang Dunia Kedua itu amat cemerlanglah bintang Amerika Serikat. Amerikalah yang memenangkan perang di Afrika yang menggulung kekuasaan Jerman Hitler, yang mendorong mundur dan menghancurkan angkatan perang Jepang. Amerika adalah pemimpin “Negara merdeka”, pendekar demokrasi, yang terbukti lebih kuat daripada Negara fasis. Dan Amerika Serikat adalah Negara satu-satunya yang memiliki senjata atom, senjata baru yang membuka kemungkinan yang melampaui segala khayal manusia pada waktu itu.
Uni Soviet adalah Negara raksasa kedua yang timbul dari kancah peperangan. Uni Soviet tidak hanya berhasil menahan dan memukul mundur melainkan juga mendorong kembali tentara Jerman yang sangat dahsyat itu dan kemudian berhasil merebut Berlin. Bilamana Amerika Serikat membanggakan dua orang jenderal: Eisenhouwer yang memenangkan di Eropa dan Mac Arthur yang menundukkan Jepang maka Uni Soviet juga dapat menunjuk nama seorang jenderal besar: Zhukov, pembuka kota Berlin.
Kemenangan yang gemilang dari tentara Soviet sangat memperkuat posisi Uni Soviet. Sejalan dengan itu komunisme pun makin kuat pula kedudukannya dan pengaruhnya. Negara yang dilalui tentara Merah di dalam peperangan itu, teristimewa Negara di Eropa Timur: Romania, Hungarian, Poland, Finland, dan mula juga Yogoslavia, masuk dalam orbit (daerah pengaruh) Soviet. Di Jerman Timur, kaum Soviet berhasil membangun pemerintahan yang pro komunis. Negara di Eropa Timur itu semua menjadi politik yang sejalan dengan politik Uni Soviet.
Adanya dua Negara raksasa yang berlainan dasar, asas dan tujuannya itu: yang satu (Amerika Serikat) berdasarkan atas demokrasi liberal dan kapitalisme, yang lain (Uni Soviet) berdasarkan totalitarisme dan komunisme, lambat laun menimbulkan suasana pertentangan yang makin lama makin runcing. Pertentangan dua aliran itu mempengaruhi dan menyeret negeri lainnya hingga akhirnya dunia seluruhnya seolah menjadi dua blok raksasa: Blok Barat yang demokratis kapitalis dan Blok Timur yang komunis. Pertentangan antar dua blok itu menimbulkan berbagai tindakan permusuhan yang sering kali mendekati peperangan terang-terangan. Tindakan saling bermusuhan antara dua Blok itu lazim di sebut perang dingin. Keadaan “perang dingin” yang terus menerus itu menimbulkan suatu suasana tegang yang sangat gawat, yang mudah dapat meledak menjadi peperangan bersenjata yang sunguh. Bahaya perang itu makin meruncing dengan adanya senjata atom dan senjata zat air (hydrogen) yang dahsyat dan memumpunyai daya pemusnah yang tak ada taranya itu.
Demikian maka dunia sesudah Perang Dunia Kedua itu sekali tidak diliputi oleh suasana tentram dan damai. Sebaliknya, malah diliputi oleh kabut yang suram, yang disebabkan oleh ancaman perang modern, yang menurut keyakinan kita semua akhirnya akan memusnahkan umat manusia seluruhnya.
IN ENGLISH (with google translate Indonesian-english):
Two giant state after the Second World War until 1964
(Source: Soeroto.1964. Indonesia midst of World Ages keabad. Jakarta: Publisher Djambatan. (Changes: Enhanced Spell / EYD))
Second World War which broke out on 3 September 1939 and ending May 7, 1945 in Europe and in Asia August 14, 1945 was great pengarunya in the development of countries throughout the world. Second World War it has reshaped the world as a whole, remove the old relations, laying a new relationship. Various State falls, other countries arise. The face of Europe in 1945 was very different than in 1939. But far greater was the change and shifting power in Asia and more so in Africa.
Two giants arising from the arena of war and rule the world: the United States and the Soviet Union.
Between the first two giant State United States is the strongest. In the first years after World War II that the United States is very cemerlanglah star. Americans who win the wars in Africa are rolling power Hitler's Germany, which push back and destroy the Japanese army. America is the leader of the "free state", warriors of democracy, which proved more powerful than the fascist state. And the United States is the only country that has nuclear weapons, which opens up the possibility of new weapons beyond any imaginary man at that time.
The Soviet Union is the State arising from the second giant battle arena. The Soviet Union not only successfully resisted and repelled but also push back the German army was very powerful, and then managed to seize Berlin. When the United States boasts two generals: Eisenhower who won European and Japanese Mac Arthur who beat the Soviet Union to designate the name of a great general: Zhukov, the opening of Berlin.
The resounding victory of the Soviet troops to strengthen the position of the Soviet Union. In line with that communism was also stronger position and influence. Countries through which the Red Army in the war, especially countries in Eastern Europe: Romania, Hungarian, Poland, Finland, and at too Yugoslavia, entered the orbit (the influence of) the Soviets. In East Germany, the Soviets managed to build a pro-communist government. Countries in Eastern Europe it's all become a political line with the politics of the Soviet Union.
The existence of two different giant state basic principles and objectives were: one (the United States) based on liberal democracy and capitalism, the other (the Soviet Union) by totalitarianism and communism, the atmosphere gradually cause a conflict increasingly pointed. Conflicts of two streams that affect other countries and dragging until the whole world seems to be two giant blocks: Block capitalist democratic West and the communist Eastern Bloc. The contradiction between the two blocks that give rise to various acts of hostility that often approached outright warfare. Hostile actions between the two blocks were prevalent in the call of the cold war. The state of "cold war" that continuously raises a very serious atmosphere of tension, which could easily explode into armed warfare sunguh. The danger of war is increasingly tapered in the presence of atomic weapons and weapons of hydrogen (hydrogen) and memumpunyai tremendous destructive power was unrivaled.
Thus the world after the Second World War it was not covered by the serene and peaceful atmosphere. Conversely, even overwhelmed by the gloomy fog, caused by the threat of modern warfare, which believes we all will eventually destroy all mankind.
(Source: Soeroto.1964. Indonesia midst of World Ages keabad. Jakarta: Publisher Djambatan. (Changes: Enhanced Spell / EYD))
Second World War which broke out on 3 September 1939 and ending May 7, 1945 in Europe and in Asia August 14, 1945 was great pengarunya in the development of countries throughout the world. Second World War it has reshaped the world as a whole, remove the old relations, laying a new relationship. Various State falls, other countries arise. The face of Europe in 1945 was very different than in 1939. But far greater was the change and shifting power in Asia and more so in Africa.
Two giants arising from the arena of war and rule the world: the United States and the Soviet Union.
Between the first two giant State United States is the strongest. In the first years after World War II that the United States is very cemerlanglah star. Americans who win the wars in Africa are rolling power Hitler's Germany, which push back and destroy the Japanese army. America is the leader of the "free state", warriors of democracy, which proved more powerful than the fascist state. And the United States is the only country that has nuclear weapons, which opens up the possibility of new weapons beyond any imaginary man at that time.
The Soviet Union is the State arising from the second giant battle arena. The Soviet Union not only successfully resisted and repelled but also push back the German army was very powerful, and then managed to seize Berlin. When the United States boasts two generals: Eisenhower who won European and Japanese Mac Arthur who beat the Soviet Union to designate the name of a great general: Zhukov, the opening of Berlin.
The resounding victory of the Soviet troops to strengthen the position of the Soviet Union. In line with that communism was also stronger position and influence. Countries through which the Red Army in the war, especially countries in Eastern Europe: Romania, Hungarian, Poland, Finland, and at too Yugoslavia, entered the orbit (the influence of) the Soviets. In East Germany, the Soviets managed to build a pro-communist government. Countries in Eastern Europe it's all become a political line with the politics of the Soviet Union.
The existence of two different giant state basic principles and objectives were: one (the United States) based on liberal democracy and capitalism, the other (the Soviet Union) by totalitarianism and communism, the atmosphere gradually cause a conflict increasingly pointed. Conflicts of two streams that affect other countries and dragging until the whole world seems to be two giant blocks: Block capitalist democratic West and the communist Eastern Bloc. The contradiction between the two blocks that give rise to various acts of hostility that often approached outright warfare. Hostile actions between the two blocks were prevalent in the call of the cold war. The state of "cold war" that continuously raises a very serious atmosphere of tension, which could easily explode into armed warfare sunguh. The danger of war is increasingly tapered in the presence of atomic weapons and weapons of hydrogen (hydrogen) and memumpunyai tremendous destructive power was unrivaled.
Thus the world after the Second World War it was not covered by the serene and peaceful atmosphere. Conversely, even overwhelmed by the gloomy fog, caused by the threat of modern warfare, which believes we all will eventually destroy all mankind.
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