Afrika Setelah Perang Dunia Kedua sampai tahun 1964/Africa After the Second World War until 1964 FOR GENERAL HISTORY
Afrika Setelah Perang Dunia Kedua sampai tahun 1964
(Sumber: Soeroto.1964. Indonesia Ditengah-tengah Dunia dari Abad keabad. Jakarta: Penerbit Djambatan. (perubahan: Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan/EYD))
Kita telah melihat betapa hebatnya Perang Dunia Kedua mengubah wajah Eropa dan Asia. Tetapi lebih hebat lagi ialah perubahan pada wajah benua Afrika. Perubahan sangat jelas bilamana kita bandingkan peta benua Afrika tahun 1950 (Negara di Afrika yang merdeka hanya: Liberia, Mesir, Ethiopia, Republik Afrika Selatan) dengan tahun 1960 (Negara di Afrika yang merdeka: Maroko, Mauritania, Aljazair, Libya, Sudan, Republik Somalia, Kenya, Chad, Nigeria, Mali, Senegal, Guinea, Pantai Gading, Ghana, Togo, Kamerun, Niger, Republik Afrika Tengah, Republik Kongo, Gabon, Angola, Rhodesia, Mozambique, Tanganyika, Republik Malagasy, Afrika Barat, Bechuana, dan lainnya).
Di Asia dari tahun 1945 sampai tahun 1962 ada 12 negara baru yang menjadi merdeka. Di Afrika jumlah Negara merdeka baru itu jauh lebih banyak. Bagi kita masih sukar sekali untuk menulis sejarah tentang Afrika baru itu. Kejadian di sana masih terus bergejolak, belum mengendap menjadi sejarah. Proses ke arah kemerdekaan diberbagai negeri pun masih terus berjalan.
Di sini kita hanya akan menyebut beberana Negara saja yang memperoleh kemerdekaannya sejak 1950.
Lybia, bekas jajahan Italia, menjadi merdeka pada tahun 1951; Tunisia dan Maroko tahun 1956; begitu pula Sudan. Ghana (yang dulu namanya: Gold Cost) menjadi merdeka pada tahun 1957. Togo, Nigeria, Kamerun, Republik Somalia dan Republik Malagasy (dulu: Madagaskar) pada tahun 1960. Begitu juga Kongo, bekas jajahan Belgia. Proses kemerdekaan di Kongo tidak berjalan lancar. Golongan reaksioner tidak rela melepaskan negeri yang demikian luas dan demikian kayanya itu dan terus menerus melakukan tindakan sabotase sehingga keadaan dalam negeri menjadi kacau balau. Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa dan mengirimkan tentara ekspredisi. Garuda Kedua dari Indonesia (Dibawah Komandan Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa, Carl Von Horn) juga ikut serta menyumbangkan tenaganya untuk mencoba memulihkan keamanan di sana kembali.
Sebuah Negara yang baru berhasil merebut kemerdekaan, setelah berjuang mati-matian terus menerus ialah Aljazair di pantai Utara, bekas jajahan Perancis. Sejak akhir Perang Dunia Kedua pada tahun 1945 bangsa Aljazair bangkit, memberontak terhadap Perancis. Tentara colonial Perancis melakukan penindasan dengan segala kekejaman. Pemberontakan menggelombang, pasang surut, tetapi tak pernah berhenti dan berkali-kali mengakibatkan krisis di Perancis. Pada tahun 1954 pemberontakan Aljazair mengakibatkan jatuhnya Republik Keempat dan lahirnya Republik kelima dengan Jenderal De Gaulle menghendaki Aljazair merdeka dan menjadi sekutu Perancis tetapi kaum reaksioner, terutama bekas anggota tentara colonial yang tergabung dalam perkumpulan rahasia OAS (Organisation de I’ Armeee Secrete= Organisasi Tentara Rahasia) dibawah pimpinan Jenderal Salan menentang keras dengan melakukan pembunuhan dan terror. Tetapi akhirnya Aljazair menjadi merdeka pula dengan Ben Bella sebagai presiden pada tahun 1962.
Hanya masih tinggal beberapa Negara jajahan. Daerah jajahan Inggris seperti Uganda, Kenya, Tangayika, Rhodesia dan Nyasa, kira tidak lama lagi akan diberikan kemerdekaannya. Beberapa saja yan masih terang negeri jajahan: Sahara Spanyol; Afrika Barat Daya yang dikuasai oleh Uni Afrika Selatan; dan jajahan Portugal: Guinea, Angola dan Mozambique. Pada permulaan tahun 1961, Angola telah mulai bergolak; rakyat Angola menuntut kemerdekaan; pertempuran sengit telah mulai berkobar antara rakyat Angola dan tentara penjajah Portugal.
Sehingga dalam masa sesudah Perang Dunia Kedua ini kita melihat runtuhnya kolonialisme dan penjajahan di mana-mana dan timbulnya Negara baru yang melepaskan diri atau dilepaskan dari belenggu penjajahan dan menjadi Negara merdeka dan berdaulat yang dapat mengurus nasibnya sendiri masing-masing.
Maka dalam masa ini adalah sangat ganjil sikap Negara Uni Afrika Selatan, yang penduduknya sebagian terdiri dari bangsa kulit putih yang sejak 1948 menjalankan suatu politik “Apartheid” adalah yang maksudnya hendak mengadakan pemisahan yang tegas antara bangsa kulit putih dan bangsa kulit berwarna.
IN ENGLISH (with google translate Indonesian-english):
Africa After the Second World War until 1964
(Source: Soeroto.1964. Indonesia midst of World Ages keabad. Jakarta: Publisher Djambatan. (Changes: Enhanced Spell / EYD))
We have seen how great the Second World War changed the face of Europe and Asia. But even worse is to change the face of the African continent. The change is very obvious when we compare the map of the African continent in 1950 (an independent African country only: Liberia, Egypt, Ethiopia, the Republic of South Africa) and in 1960 (an independent state in Africa: Morocco, Mauritania Algeria, Libya, Sudan, Republic of Somalia, Kenya, Chad, Nigeria, Mali, Senegal, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Cameroon, Niger, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Gabon, Angola, Rhodesia, Mozambique, Tanganyika, Malagasy Republic, West Africa, Bechuana, and others).
In Asia from 1945 to 1962, there were 12 new countries became independent. In Africa, the number of new independent states much more. For us it is still extremely difficult to write the history of the new Africa. Genesis there still remains volatile, yet settles into history.The process towards independence in several countries were still ongoing.
Here we will only mention beberana countries, which gained independence in 1950.
Lybia, a former Italian colony, became independent in 1951; Tunisia and Morocco in 1956; as well as Sudan. Ghana (whose first name: Gold Cost) became independent in 1957. Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Republic of Somalia and the Malagasy Republic (formerly: Madagascar) in 1960. So is Congo, a former Belgian colony. The process of independence in the Congo is not running smoothly. Reactionary faction was not willing to let the country is so large and so rich, and continues to carry out acts of sabotage that situation in the country into turmoil. United Nations and sent troops ekspredisi. Both of Garuda Indonesia (Under Commander of the United Nations, Carl Von Horn) also participated contribute their labor to try to restore order there again.
A new country won independence, after struggling mightily is constantly on the northern coast of Algeria, a former French colony.Since the end of the Second World War in 1945 the Algerian rise up, revolt against France. French colonial army repression with all its brutality. Rebellion menggelombang, tide, but never stopped and many times lead to a crisis in France. In 1954 Algerian uprising resulted in the fall of the Fourth Republic and the birth of the fifth Republic with General De Gaulle wanted independent Algeria and French allies but the reactionaries, especially former colonial soldiers who are members of the secret society of the OAS (Organisation de I 'Armeee Secrete = Organization of the Secret Army ) under the leadership of General Salan strongly opposed to the killing and terror. But eventually Algeria became independent also with Ben Bella as president in 1962.
Only some countries remain colonized. British colonies such as Uganda, Kenya, Tangayika, Rhodesia and Nyasa, think no longer be granted independence. Some of it is still bright yan colonies: Spanish Sahara; South West Africa which is controlled by the South African Union, and colonial Portugal: Guinea, Angola and Mozambique. At the beginning of 1961, Angola has begun to boil; folk Angola demanding independence, a fierce battle has begun to break out between people of Angola and Portuguese invaders.
Thus, in the aftermath of the Second World War we have seen the collapse of colonialism and occupation everywhere and the emergence of a new country to escape or be released from the shackles of colonialism and became a sovereign and independent country that can take care of their own destiny, respectively.
So in this period is very odd stance State of the Union of South Africa, whose population is mostly composed of Caucasians since 1948 operates a policy of "Apartheid" is the means about to hold a strict separation between the whites and people of color.
(Source: Soeroto.1964. Indonesia midst of World Ages keabad. Jakarta: Publisher Djambatan. (Changes: Enhanced Spell / EYD))
We have seen how great the Second World War changed the face of Europe and Asia. But even worse is to change the face of the African continent. The change is very obvious when we compare the map of the African continent in 1950 (an independent African country only: Liberia, Egypt, Ethiopia, the Republic of South Africa) and in 1960 (an independent state in Africa: Morocco, Mauritania Algeria, Libya, Sudan, Republic of Somalia, Kenya, Chad, Nigeria, Mali, Senegal, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Cameroon, Niger, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Gabon, Angola, Rhodesia, Mozambique, Tanganyika, Malagasy Republic, West Africa, Bechuana, and others).
In Asia from 1945 to 1962, there were 12 new countries became independent. In Africa, the number of new independent states much more. For us it is still extremely difficult to write the history of the new Africa. Genesis there still remains volatile, yet settles into history.The process towards independence in several countries were still ongoing.
Here we will only mention beberana countries, which gained independence in 1950.
Lybia, a former Italian colony, became independent in 1951; Tunisia and Morocco in 1956; as well as Sudan. Ghana (whose first name: Gold Cost) became independent in 1957. Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Republic of Somalia and the Malagasy Republic (formerly: Madagascar) in 1960. So is Congo, a former Belgian colony. The process of independence in the Congo is not running smoothly. Reactionary faction was not willing to let the country is so large and so rich, and continues to carry out acts of sabotage that situation in the country into turmoil. United Nations and sent troops ekspredisi. Both of Garuda Indonesia (Under Commander of the United Nations, Carl Von Horn) also participated contribute their labor to try to restore order there again.
A new country won independence, after struggling mightily is constantly on the northern coast of Algeria, a former French colony.Since the end of the Second World War in 1945 the Algerian rise up, revolt against France. French colonial army repression with all its brutality. Rebellion menggelombang, tide, but never stopped and many times lead to a crisis in France. In 1954 Algerian uprising resulted in the fall of the Fourth Republic and the birth of the fifth Republic with General De Gaulle wanted independent Algeria and French allies but the reactionaries, especially former colonial soldiers who are members of the secret society of the OAS (Organisation de I 'Armeee Secrete = Organization of the Secret Army ) under the leadership of General Salan strongly opposed to the killing and terror. But eventually Algeria became independent also with Ben Bella as president in 1962.
Only some countries remain colonized. British colonies such as Uganda, Kenya, Tangayika, Rhodesia and Nyasa, think no longer be granted independence. Some of it is still bright yan colonies: Spanish Sahara; South West Africa which is controlled by the South African Union, and colonial Portugal: Guinea, Angola and Mozambique. At the beginning of 1961, Angola has begun to boil; folk Angola demanding independence, a fierce battle has begun to break out between people of Angola and Portuguese invaders.
Thus, in the aftermath of the Second World War we have seen the collapse of colonialism and occupation everywhere and the emergence of a new country to escape or be released from the shackles of colonialism and became a sovereign and independent country that can take care of their own destiny, respectively.
So in this period is very odd stance State of the Union of South Africa, whose population is mostly composed of Caucasians since 1948 operates a policy of "Apartheid" is the means about to hold a strict separation between the whites and people of color.
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