Hipernim, Hiponim, Polisemi, Homonim di dalam bahasa Indonesia/ Hipernim, Hiponim, polysemy, homonyms in Indonesian FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL INDONESIAN
Hipernim, Hiponim, Polisemi, Homonim di dalam bahasa Indonesia
(Sumber: rangkuman primagama tahun 2007)
1) Hipernim adalah kata-kata yang maknanya mencakup kata-kata yang lebih kecil. Dengan kata lain, dalam suatu makna yang luas terkandung makna lain yang lebih kecil. Kata-kata tersebut sering disebut sebagai superordirat atau hipernim. Contoh: pakaian, alat tulis, bacaan. Kata “pakaian” membawahi baju, celana, kaos, dan lain-lain; alat tulis mencakup pensil, buku, kertas; bacaan membawahi majalah, Koran, bulletin, dan lainnya.
2) Hiponim adalah kata-kata yang maknanya tercakup oleh satu kata yang lebih besar, lebih luas. Hiponim sering pula disebut dengan subordinat. Dengan keterangan tentang hipernim di atas, terlihat jelas bahwa: baju, celana, kaus menjadi bagian dari pakaian; pensil, buku, kertas menjadi cakupan alat tulis; majalah, Koran, bulletin menjadi cakupan dari bacaan.
3) Polisemi adalah kata-kata yang memiliki makna ganda. Akan tetapi, makna tersebut masih berada dalam satu alur arti. Perbadaan makna tersebut terjadi karena pergeseran makna. Contoh:
a) Nilainya turun kembali, darahku belum turun.
b) Ia terjatuh di mulut gang, mulutkuda itu sakit.
4) Homonim. Kita sering mengacaukan pengertian dan pemahaman antara polisemi dan homonym. Homonym adalah kata-kata yang memiliki tulisan dan pelafalan yang sama tetapi arti berbeda. Contoh:
a) Pandaganku kabur(tidak jelas), ia kabur dari penjara (melarikan diri)
b) ayahku sakit lambung (perut), tendanganku melambung tinggi (melayang)
IN ENGLISH (with google translate Indonesian-english):
Hipernim, Hiponim, polysemy, homonyms in Indonesian
(Source: Summary Primagama in 2007)
1) Hipernim are words whose meaning includes the words smaller.In other words, in a broad sense of meaning contained another smaller. The words are often referred to as superordirat or hipernim.Example: clothing, stationery, reading. The word "dress" in charge of shirts, pants, shirts, etc.; stationery include pencils, books, paper;reading oversees magazines, newspapers, bulletins, and more.
2) Hiponim are words whose meaning is covered by one wordbigger, wider. Hiponim often referred to as subordinate. Withinformation about hipernim above, it is clear that: shirt, pants, socksbecame a part of the clothing; pencils, books, paper stationery intocoverage, magazines, newspapers, bulletins into coverage of thereading.
3) polysemy are words that have double meanings. However, the meaning is still in the groove sense. The meaning of each difference occurs because the shift of meaning. example:
a) The value fell back, my blood has not gone down.
b) He fell at the mouth of the alley, the horse's mouth sore.
4) homonym. We often confuse understanding and understandingbetween polysemy and homonym. Homonym is a word that has the same writing and pronunciation but different meanings. example:
a) Pandaganku vague (unclear), he escaped from prison (escape)
b) my dad Gastric (stomach), tendanganku soar (float)
(Source: Summary Primagama in 2007)
1) Hipernim are words whose meaning includes the words smaller.In other words, in a broad sense of meaning contained another smaller. The words are often referred to as superordirat or hipernim.Example: clothing, stationery, reading. The word "dress" in charge of shirts, pants, shirts, etc.; stationery include pencils, books, paper;reading oversees magazines, newspapers, bulletins, and more.
2) Hiponim are words whose meaning is covered by one wordbigger, wider. Hiponim often referred to as subordinate. Withinformation about hipernim above, it is clear that: shirt, pants, socksbecame a part of the clothing; pencils, books, paper stationery intocoverage, magazines, newspapers, bulletins into coverage of thereading.
3) polysemy are words that have double meanings. However, the meaning is still in the groove sense. The meaning of each difference occurs because the shift of meaning. example:
a) The value fell back, my blood has not gone down.
b) He fell at the mouth of the alley, the horse's mouth sore.
4) homonym. We often confuse understanding and understandingbetween polysemy and homonym. Homonym is a word that has the same writing and pronunciation but different meanings. example:
a) Pandaganku vague (unclear), he escaped from prison (escape)
b) my dad Gastric (stomach), tendanganku soar (float)
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