Variates Padi dan Seleksi Padi/ Paddy rice varieties and Selection FOR GENERAL AGRARICULTURE
Variates Padi dan Seleksi Padi
(Sumber: Hardjodinomo, Soekirno. 1970. Bertanam Padi. Bandung: Penerbit Binacipta.)
I) Varietas (Jenis) Padi, menurut para ahli di Indonesia terdapat beberapa jenis padi liar yang terutama terdapat di Sumatera, Jawa, dan Kangean. Padi yang banyak ditanam di negeri kita ialah padi golongan communis. Oleh van der Stok dibagi atas dua sub golongan yaitu pertama, padi bulu, kedua, padi cereh. Sifatnya sebagai berikut:
1) Akar padi.
a) Padi bulu : masuk dalam ke dalam tanah dan tidak begitu banyak.
b) Padi cereh : sedikit lebih dangkal daripada padi bulu, jumlahnya banyak.
2) Batang padi,
a) Padi bulu : batangnya kokoh kuat sehingga tidak mudah rebah, beranak sedikit.
b) Padi cereh : batangnya sedikit lebih kecil daripada padi bulu, pada tanah yang subur mudah rebah, beranak banyak.
3) Daun padi,
a) Padi Bulu : lebar, panjang, dan agak kaku (tebal).
b) Padi cereh : sedikit lebih kecil agak tipis dan lemas (lebih Bengawan).
4) Buah Padi,
a) Padi bulu :ujungnya berekor, bentuknya agak bulat, sekamnya tebal, tidak mudah lepas dari tangkainya (tidak mudah rontok).
b) Padi cereh : tidak berekor, bentuknya panjang, sekamnya agak tipis, mudah sekali rontok.
5) Berat padi
a) Padi bulu : sangat enal (pulen Sunda).
b) Padi cereh : kurang begitu enak (bear Sunda) kecuali Bengawan, Syntha, Bathara, DewiThara, dan DewiRatih.
6) Hasil (Produksi) Padi
a) Padi Bulu : rendah, tidak banyak.
b) Padi cereh : tinggi, banyak sekali.
7) Tanah Padi
a) Padi bulu : baik sekali di tanah yang subur (manja).
b) Padi cereh : di tanah yang kurus pun hasilnya baik (tidak manja).
Antara padi bulu dan Padi cereh disebut padi gundil. Ekornya pendek, tidak mudah rontok, nasinya pulen (Sunda).
II) Seleksi Padi
Jenis yang penting yang ditanam di sawah ialah:
A) Padi Bulu : Bali Kambang, Baok, Beak ganggas, BrondolPutih (T.43), Jalen, Genjah Raci, Kencono, KetanSerang, Solo, Cahyo.
B) Padi Cereh : Lusi, Fajar, Mas, Intan, Lati Sail, Peta, Cina, Untung.
C) Padi Gundil : Brondol Putih 277, Genjah Beton.
D) Jenis Padi Unggul (baru) : Bengawan, Jelita, Remaja, SiGadis, Dara, Syntha, Bathara, Dewi Thara, Arimbi, Peta Baru 5, Peta Baru 8, Dewi Ratih (295)
Selain itu ada padi biasa dan padi ketan. Padi ketan ada yang berekor dan ada yang tidak. Padi ketan ini kalau di masak saling melekat. Berasnya berwarna putih suram (putih seperti bola lampu neon). Kulit beras biasa pun berbeda. Ada yang merah, biru, dan yang putih. Yang berwarna adalah kulitnya, kalau ditumbuk (disosoh) bersih, berasnya akan putih pula.
III) Pembagian Padi menurut Umur. Umur padi dihitung mulai dari menyebar benih sampai saat dipungut hasilnya, umurnya dapat dibagi menjadi tiga golongan, yaitu:
1) Golongan berumur pendek yang lazim disebut genjah, yang umurnya kurang dari 150 hari.
2) Golongan tengahan, yang umurnya antara 150-165 hari.
3) Golongan dalam, yang umurnya lebih dari 165 hari.
Golongan genjah biasanya ditanam di tanah yang kurus, kurang atau sukar mendapatkan air karena tak ada pengairan atau turunnya hujan kurang banyak. PB 5 dan PB 8 Berumur genjah (sekitar 135 hari). Golongan tengahan biasanya ditanam di tanah yang sedang kesuburannya dan cukup mendapatkan air pengairan atau dari hujan. Jenis unggul atau baru berumur tengahan. Golongan dalam sebaiknya ditanam di tanah yang subur dan mudah mendapatkan air dan irigasi. Hasil padi sebagian tergantung dari jenis atau varietasnya yang ditanam. Oleh karena itu si penanam harus berusaha menanam jenis padi yang murni yang banyak memberi hasil dan kualitas baik. Tanda yang menunjukkan, bahwa suatu jenis padi baik untuk ditanam ialah: akar kuat, anak banyak, batang kuat, tak mudah rebah, tahan terhadap hama dan penyakit, butir keluarnya serentak, panjang dan berbutir banyak, gabahnya besar, tapi sekamnya tipis, berasnya baik.
IN ENGLISH (with google translate Indonesian-english):
Paddy rice varieties and Selection
(Source: Hardjodinomo, Soekirno., 1970. Planting Rice. York: Publisher Binacipta.)
I) Variety (Type) Rice, according to experts in Indonesia, there are several types of wild rice that is mainly found in Sumatra, Java, and Kangean. Rice is widely planted in our country is rice communis group. By van der Stok is divided into two sub-groups: first, rice fur, second, cereh rice. Its as follows:
1) Root rice.
a) Rice fur: go deep into the soil and not so much.
b) Rice cereh: slightly more shallow than the rice feathers, polynomial.
2) Stem rice,
a) Rice fur: Strong sturdy stems that do not easily fall, litter bit.
b) Rice cereh: trunk slightly smaller than rice feathers, the fertile soil easily collapse, many have children.
3) Leaves of rice,
a) Rice Fur: width, length, and somewhat stiff (thick).
b) Rice cereh: slightly smaller bit thin and weak (more Bengawan).
4) Fruit Rice,
a) Rice hairs: tail end, slightly rounded shape, thick husks, are not easily separated from the stem (not easily fall out).
b) Rice cereh: no tail, long shape, chaff rather thin, easy to fall off.
5) Weight rice
a) Rice feather: very enal (fluffier Sunda).
b) Rice cereh: less palatable (bear Sunda) except Bengawan, Syntha, Bathara, DewiThara, and DewiRatih.
6) Results (Production) Rice
a) Rice Fur: low, not much.
b) Rice cereh: high, a lot.
7) Land of Rice
a) Rice feather: very well in fertile soil (spoiled).
b) Rice cereh: too thin on the ground that the results are good (not spoiled).
Between the feather and the rice is called paddy rice cereh gundil.Its tail is short, it is not easy to fall off, the rice fluffier (Sunda).
II) Selection of Rice
Important types grown in the field are:
A) Rice Fur: Bali Kambang, Baok, Beak Ganggas, BrondolPutih (T.43), Jalen, Dwarf Raci, Kencono, KetanSerang, Solo, Cahyo.
B) Rice Cereh: Lusi, Dawn, Mas, Intan, Lati Sail, Map, China, Lucky.
C) Gundil Rice: White Brondol 277, Dwarf Concrete.
D) Type Rice Excellence (new): Bengawan, Ms. Pretty, Teen, SiGadis, Dara, Syntha, Bathara, Goddess Thara, Arimbi, New Map 5, Map of New 8, Lady Ruth (295)
In addition there are ordinary rice and glutinous rice. Glutinous rice was tailless and some are not. Glutinous rice is sticking together if the cook. Dingy white rice (white fluorescent light bulbs). Skin ordinary rice is different. There are red, blue, and white. Which color is the skin, when crushed (polished) clean, white rice will anyway.
III) Distribution of Rice by Age. Age rice calculated from the sow until the results are collected, the age can be divided into three categories, namely:
1) short-lived Group, commonly called flowering, which was less than 150 days.
2) Group Middle, between 150-165 days of age.
3) Group in which more than 165 days old.
Group genjah usually planted in the soil thin, lacking or difficult to obtain because there is no irrigation water or rain a lot less. PB 5 and PB 8 Aged early maturing (about 135 days). Middle classes are usually planted in the soil was fertile and getting enough water from rain or irrigation. Type a new superior or middle age. Group should be planted in the fertile soil and easy to get water and irrigation. The results depend partly on the type of rice or varieties are planted. Therefore, the investor should try to grow rice varieties that give a lot of pure and good quality results. Signs indicating that a good rice varieties to be planted are: strong roots, many young, strong stems, not easy to fall, resistant to pests and diseases, grain discharge simultaneously, long grained many, gabahnya large, but thin husks, rice either .
(Source: Hardjodinomo, Soekirno., 1970. Planting Rice. York: Publisher Binacipta.)
I) Variety (Type) Rice, according to experts in Indonesia, there are several types of wild rice that is mainly found in Sumatra, Java, and Kangean. Rice is widely planted in our country is rice communis group. By van der Stok is divided into two sub-groups: first, rice fur, second, cereh rice. Its as follows:
1) Root rice.
a) Rice fur: go deep into the soil and not so much.
b) Rice cereh: slightly more shallow than the rice feathers, polynomial.
2) Stem rice,
a) Rice fur: Strong sturdy stems that do not easily fall, litter bit.
b) Rice cereh: trunk slightly smaller than rice feathers, the fertile soil easily collapse, many have children.
3) Leaves of rice,
a) Rice Fur: width, length, and somewhat stiff (thick).
b) Rice cereh: slightly smaller bit thin and weak (more Bengawan).
4) Fruit Rice,
a) Rice hairs: tail end, slightly rounded shape, thick husks, are not easily separated from the stem (not easily fall out).
b) Rice cereh: no tail, long shape, chaff rather thin, easy to fall off.
5) Weight rice
a) Rice feather: very enal (fluffier Sunda).
b) Rice cereh: less palatable (bear Sunda) except Bengawan, Syntha, Bathara, DewiThara, and DewiRatih.
6) Results (Production) Rice
a) Rice Fur: low, not much.
b) Rice cereh: high, a lot.
7) Land of Rice
a) Rice feather: very well in fertile soil (spoiled).
b) Rice cereh: too thin on the ground that the results are good (not spoiled).
Between the feather and the rice is called paddy rice cereh gundil.Its tail is short, it is not easy to fall off, the rice fluffier (Sunda).
II) Selection of Rice
Important types grown in the field are:
A) Rice Fur: Bali Kambang, Baok, Beak Ganggas, BrondolPutih (T.43), Jalen, Dwarf Raci, Kencono, KetanSerang, Solo, Cahyo.
B) Rice Cereh: Lusi, Dawn, Mas, Intan, Lati Sail, Map, China, Lucky.
C) Gundil Rice: White Brondol 277, Dwarf Concrete.
D) Type Rice Excellence (new): Bengawan, Ms. Pretty, Teen, SiGadis, Dara, Syntha, Bathara, Goddess Thara, Arimbi, New Map 5, Map of New 8, Lady Ruth (295)
In addition there are ordinary rice and glutinous rice. Glutinous rice was tailless and some are not. Glutinous rice is sticking together if the cook. Dingy white rice (white fluorescent light bulbs). Skin ordinary rice is different. There are red, blue, and white. Which color is the skin, when crushed (polished) clean, white rice will anyway.
III) Distribution of Rice by Age. Age rice calculated from the sow until the results are collected, the age can be divided into three categories, namely:
1) short-lived Group, commonly called flowering, which was less than 150 days.
2) Group Middle, between 150-165 days of age.
3) Group in which more than 165 days old.
Group genjah usually planted in the soil thin, lacking or difficult to obtain because there is no irrigation water or rain a lot less. PB 5 and PB 8 Aged early maturing (about 135 days). Middle classes are usually planted in the soil was fertile and getting enough water from rain or irrigation. Type a new superior or middle age. Group should be planted in the fertile soil and easy to get water and irrigation. The results depend partly on the type of rice or varieties are planted. Therefore, the investor should try to grow rice varieties that give a lot of pure and good quality results. Signs indicating that a good rice varieties to be planted are: strong roots, many young, strong stems, not easy to fall, resistant to pests and diseases, grain discharge simultaneously, long grained many, gabahnya large, but thin husks, rice either .
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