Direct- Indirect Speech/ Langsung tidak langsung Pidato FOR CLASS X ENGLISH


Direct- Indirect Speech

(Source: Mulyono. 2010. English Alive. Yudhistira: Jakarta.)

Normally, the tense in reported is one tense back in the tense in direct speech.

Example:

Ø  She said “I am tired.” (Direct speech).

Ø  She said she was tired. (indirect speech).

The changes are shown below:

Ø  Simple present, example: I always drink coffee, she said.

Simple past, example: she said that she always drank coffee.

Ø  Present continuous, example: I am reading a book, he said.

Past continuous, example: he explained that he was reading a book.

Ø  Simple past, example: Bill arrived on Saturday, he said.

Past Perfect, example: He said that Bill had arrived on Saturday.

Ø  Present Perfect, example: I have been to Binongko, Wakatobi”, he told me.

Past perfect, example: He told me that he had been to Binongko, Wakatobi.

Ø  Past perfect, example:  I had just turned out the light,” he explained.

Past perfect, example: he explained that he had just turned out the light.

Ø  Present perfect continuous, example: they complained, “We have been waiting for hours”.

Past perfect continuous, example: they complained that they had been waiting for hours.

Ø  Past continuous,  example: We were living in Binongko, Wakatobi, they told me.

Past Perfect countinuous,  example: they told me that they had been living in Binongko, Wakatobi.

Ø  Future, example: I will be in Binongko, Wakatobi on Monday, he said.

Present conditional, example: he said that he would be in Binongko, Wakatobi on Monday.

Ø  Future continuous, example: She said, I’ll be using the car next Friday.

Conditional continuous, example: she said that she would be using the car next Friday.

NOTE:

1) You do need to change the tense if the reporting verb is in the present, or if the original statement was about something that is still true. Example: He says he has missedthe train but he’ll catch the next one. We explained that it is very difficult to find our house.

2) These modal verbs do not change in reported speech: might, could, would, should, ought to. Example: we explained that It could be difficult to find our house. She said that she might bring a friend to the party.

Direct speech is a direct statement, usually using quotation marks, while indirect speech (or reported speech) is an indirect statement, without quotation marks. When you tell what someone else has said, without quoting his/ her direct statements or questions, it means that you are using indirect speech or reported speech. Example:

Ø  Direct                    :The reporter said, “The Israeli army bombed Palestinian civilians houses.”

Ø  Reported             : The reporter said (that) the Israeli army bombed (or had bombed) Palestinian civilians.

Study the following sentences

Tommy said “The news makes me disappointed.”

Then, you want to tell someone else what Tom said.

There are two ways of doing this:

1) You can repeat Tom’s words (you use Direct Speech): Tommy said, “ The news makes me disappointed.”

2) You can use a reported speech (you use Indirect Speech): Tommy said (that) the news made him disappointed.

Compare the two sentences:

Ø  Direct                    : Tom said, “The news makes me disappointed.”

Ø  Reported             : Tom said (that) the news made him disappointed.”

Study some changes in the verbs and pronouns in the following examples of Direct Speech.

You met Tom. Here are several thing he said to you:

Ø  My brothers are very happy.

Ø  I’m going to give my job.

Ø  Bakrie has bought a new car.

Ø  I can’t come to the party on Friday.

Ø  I want to go on holiday but I don’t know where to go.

Ø  I’m going away for a few days. “I’ll phone you when I get back.”

Now you tell someone else what Tom said (in reported speech).

Ø  Tom said (that) his brother were very happy.

Ø  Tom said (that) he was going to give up his job.

Ø  Tom said (that) Bakrie had bought a new car.

Ø  Tom said (that) he couldn’t come to the party on Friday.

Ø  Tom said (that) he wanted to go on holiday but he didn’t know where to go.

Ø  Tom said (that) he was going away for a few days and would phone me when he got back.

The simple past (I did) can usually stay the same in reported speech or you can change it to the Past Perfect (I had done).

IN INDONESIAN (with google translate English-indonesian):

Langsung tidak langsung Pidato
(Sumber:. Mulyono 2010 Inggris Hidup Yudhistira:... Jakarta)
Biasanya, tegang dalam dilaporkan merupakan salah satu tegang kembali tegang dalam pidato langsung.
Contoh:
 Dia berkata "Aku lelah." (Pidato Langsung).
 Dia bilang dia lelah. (Pidato tidak langsung).
Perubahan yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini:
 hadir Sederhana, contoh: Saya selalu minum kopi, katanya.
Masa lalu yang sederhana, contoh: dia berkata bahwa dia selalu minum kopi.
 Hadir terus menerus, contoh: Saya membaca buku, katanya.
Past terus menerus, contoh: ia menjelaskan bahwa ia sedang membaca buku.
 masa Sederhana, contoh: Bill tiba pada hari Sabtu, katanya.
Past Perfect, contoh: Dia mengatakan bahwa Bill telah tiba pada hari Sabtu.
 Hadir Sempurna, contoh: Saya telah ke Binongko, Wakatobi ", dia mengatakan kepada saya.
Past sempurna, contoh: Dia mengatakan kepada saya bahwa ia pernah ke Binongko, Wakatobi.
 Past sempurna, contoh: Saya baru saja mematikan lampu, "jelasnya.
Past sempurna, contoh: ia menjelaskan bahwa ia baru saja mematikan lampu.
 Hadir sempurna terus menerus, contoh: mereka mengeluh, "Kami telah menunggu selama berjam-jam".
Past contoh sempurna terus menerus,: mereka mengeluh bahwa mereka telah menunggu selama berjam-jam.
 Past terus menerus, contoh: Kami tinggal di Binongko, Wakatobi, mereka mengatakan kepada saya.
Past Perfect countinuous, contoh: mereka mengatakan kepada saya bahwa mereka telah tinggal di Binongko, Wakatobi.
 Masa Depan, contoh: Saya akan berada di Binongko, Wakatobi, Senin, katanya.
Hadir bersyarat, contoh: dia mengatakan bahwa dia akan berada di Binongko, Wakatobi, Senin.
 Masa Depan terus menerus, contoh: Dia bilang, aku akan menggunakan mobil Jumat depan.
Bersyarat terus menerus, contoh: dia berkata bahwa dia akan menggunakan mobil Jumat depan.
CATATAN:
1) Anda perlu mengubah tegang jika kata kerja pelaporan yang di masa sekarang, atau jika pernyataan asli adalah tentang sesuatu yang masih benar. Contoh: Dia bilang dia telah ketinggalan kereta tapi dia akan menangkap yang berikutnya. Kami menjelaskan bahwa sangat sulit untuk menemukan rumah kami.
2) Verba modal tidak berubah dalam pidato melaporkan: mungkin, bisa, akan, harus, harus. Contoh: kami menjelaskan bahwa itu bisa sulit untuk menemukan rumah kami. Dia berkata bahwa dia bisa membawa teman ke pesta.
 
Pidato langsung adalah pernyataan langsung, biasanya menggunakan tanda kutip, sedangkan pembicaraan tidak langsung (atau pidato yang dilaporkan) adalah pernyataan tidak langsung, tanpa tanda kutip. Ketika Anda tahu apa yang orang lain telah mengatakan, tanpa mengutip / nya pernyataan langsung atau pertanyaan, itu berarti bahwa Anda menggunakan pidato langsung atau melaporkan pidato. Contoh:
 Langsung: Reporter itu mengatakan, "Militer Israel membom rumah-rumah Palestina warga sipil."
 Dilaporkan: Reporter itu mengatakan (bahwa) tentara Israel membom (atau telah dibom) warga sipil Palestina.
Pelajari kalimat berikut
Tommy mengatakan "Berita itu membuat saya kecewa."
Kemudian, Anda ingin memberitahu orang lain apa yang dikatakan Tom.
Ada dua cara untuk melakukan hal ini:
1) Anda dapat mengulangi kata-kata Tom (Anda menggunakan Direct Speech): Tommy berkata, "Berita itu membuat saya kecewa."
2) Anda dapat menggunakan sebuah pidato yang dilaporkan (tidak langsung Anda menggunakan Speech): Tommy mengatakan (bahwa) berita membuatnya kecewa.
Bandingkan dua kalimat:
 Langsung: Tom berkata, "Berita itu membuat saya kecewa."
 Dilaporkan: Tom mengatakan (bahwa) berita membuatnya kecewa ".
Studi beberapa perubahan dalam kata kerja dan kata ganti dalam contoh berikut Pidato Direct.
Kau bertemu Tom. Berikut adalah beberapa hal yang ia berkata kepada Anda:
 saudara saya sangat senang.
 Aku akan memberikan pekerjaan saya.
 Bakrie telah membeli mobil baru.
 Saya tidak bisa datang ke pesta pada hari Jumat.
 Aku ingin pergi berlibur tapi saya tidak tahu ke mana harus pergi.
 Aku akan pergi selama beberapa hari. "Saya akan menelepon Anda ketika aku kembali."
Sekarang Anda memberitahu orang lain apa yang dikatakan Tom (dalam pidato yang dilaporkan).
 Tom mengatakan (bahwa) saudaranya sangat bahagia.
 Tom mengatakan (bahwa) ia akan melepaskan pekerjaannya.
 Tom mengatakan (bahwa) Bakrie telah membeli mobil baru.
 Tom mengatakan (bahwa) dia tidak bisa datang ke pesta pada hari Jumat.
 Tom mengatakan (bahwa) dia ingin pergi berlibur tapi dia tidak tahu ke mana harus pergi.
 Tom mengatakan (bahwa) ia akan pergi selama beberapa hari dan akan menelepon saya ketika dia kembali.
Masa lalu yang sederhana (saya lakukan) biasanya dapat tetap sama dalam pidato dilaporkan atau Anda dapat mengubahnya ke Past Perfect (yang telah saya lakukan).


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