Kebudayaan Timor Timur (Timor Leste) Saat berintegrasi dengan Indonesia/Culture of East Timor (Timor Leste) When integrated with Indonesia FOR GENERAL HISTORY
Kebudayaan Timor Timur (Timor Leste) Saat berintegrasi dengan Indonesia
(Sumber: Sardjono, V.1977. Kembalinya Saudara yang Hilang. Jakarta: PT Sahid & Co Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.)
Meskipun Timor Timur telah dijajah oleh Portugis selama 450 tahun namun kebudayaan asli masih dapat bertahan. Pada dasarnya kebudayaan asli rakyat Timor Timur hampir tidak berbeda dengan kebudayaan Timor Barat. Dan bila diteliti dan dibandingkan dengan kebudayaan daerah Indonesia lainnya juga tidak jauh berbeda. Sebagai contoh adalah pakaian adat yang merupakan pakaian kebesaran kepala suku, mirip sekali dengan pakaian adat daerah Tapanuli, terutama sarung dan selendangnya (yang tidak banyak berbedadengan ulos Batak). Ikat kepalanya juga sejenis dengan ikat kepala daerah-daerah di Sumatera.
Demikian pula pedangnya seperti pedang yang terdapat di daerah Indonesia lainnya.
Tari perangnya dengan menggunakan 2 (dua) buah pedang terhunus, diayunkan secara bergantian yang satu di atas dan lainnya di bawah. Kemudian diiringi dengan irama gendang yang bentuknya seperti gendang Jawa tetapi hanya ditutup sebelahnya saja. Diiringi pula irama gong yang semuanya itu mengingatkan kita kepada tari Reog Ponorogo di Jawa Timur.
Tapi perang tersebut diselingi tarian wanita yang iramanya mirip dengan tari Tor-tor di pulau Samosir, hanya langgam gayanya berputar dalam satu lingkaran seperti tarian dolanan (jamuran) di Jawa Tengah. Dengan tari semacam ini mereka sanggup menari semalam suntuk. Di lihat dari segi tari perang ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa rakyat/ penduduk pribumi (Timor Timur) suka/ pandai berperang. Dan kenyataannya memang begitu, bila diperhatikan peristiwa di Timor Timur akhir ini.
Di samping seni tari, penduduk Timor Timur juga memiliki adat kebiasaan yang unik. Baik laki-laki maupun wanita mengenal adat makan sirih. Akibat makan sirih ini maka gigi penduduk Timor Timur kadang hitam.
Adat lain yang Nampak di Timor Timur adalah bila keluarganya ada yang meninggal dunia, keluarga yang lain memakai tanda berkabung dengan kain warna hitam pada bahu sebelah kiri, seperti kalau keluarga Cina ada yang meninggal dunia.
Mengenai kebiasaan berpakaian. Akiba penjajahan Portugis cara penduduk terpaksa menyimpang dari adat kebiasaan orang Indonesia pada umumnya. Mereka hanya memakai sarung dan baju ala kadarnya saja. Kadang-kadang bahkan tidak memakai baju sama sekali. Bila mana mereka memakai kain sarung, mereka tidak memakai celana dalam. Meereka tidak pernah memakai celana panjang karena ketika penjajahan Portugis masih berkuasa penduduk memakai celana panjang diidenda oleh Pemerintah Portugis. Sebagai akibat dari kejamnya penjajah Portugis ini penduduk asli Timor tidak berani masuk kota di mana di situ tinggal orang Portugis.
Efek lain sebagai akibat kerasnya penjajahan Portugis mempengaruhi penduduk dalam hal membuat rumah. Di bidang pembuatan rumah penduduk terpaksa menyesuaikan dengan keadaan. Waktu itu rakyat tidak mampu membuat rumah dari tembok dengan atap genting. Bila ada yang mampu ijinnya pun sulit didapatkan. Dan bilamana diijinkan pajaknya pun tinggi sekali. Karena itu penduduk cukup membuat rumah dengan bambu atau kayu yang atapnya dari atap atau daun alang-alang atau siwalan. Namun demikian seni mereka tidak pula mereka ditinggalkan. Banyak penduduk membuat rumah seperti bentuk rumah di Jawa. Yaitu limas an dan ada pula bertingkat seperti para-para.
Di samping kebudayaan asli, yang perlu diutarakan di sini adalah kebudayaan Portugis yang masuk ke dalam kebudayaan Timor.
Beberapa kebudayaan Portugis yang meresap ke dalam kebudayaan penduduk asli adalah pemakaian nama, dansa, minuman keras dan sebagainya. Sebagai contoh nama dari penduduk asli yang memakai nama Portugis adalah nama: Arneldo dos Reis Araujo, Lopez da Cruz, Dominggus, Soares dan sebagainya.
Setelah Timor Timur berintegrasi dengan Indonesia. Kebudayaan Timor TImur tetap di bina dan kebudayaan Portugis yang membawa buruk dilarang.
Culture of East Timor (Timor Leste) When integrated with Indonesia
(Source: Sardjono, V.1977. Brothers Return of the Prodigal. Jakarta: PT Sahid & Co. Ministry of Education and Culture.)
Although East Timor was colonized by Portugal for 450 years, but the original culture can still survive. Basically the indigenous culture of the people of East Timor is hardly different from the culture of West Timor. And when examined and compared with the other regional cultures Indonesia is also not much different. An example is the traditional clothes that are oversized clothes chiefs, similar to Tapanuli custom clothing, especially gloves and shawl (which is not much berbedadengan ulos Batak). Also similar to the headband headbands areas in Sumatra.
Similarly sword like the sword of the region, Indonesia.
War dance by using a 2 (two) pieces drawn sword, swung alternately one above and the other below. Then, accompanied by the rhythm of the drum that looks like Java but only closed drum next to it. Accompanied by the rhythm of the gong did everything that reminds us of the dance Reog Ponorogo in East Java.
But the war interrupted the woman dance rhythm similar to Tor-tor dance on the island of Samosir, only style style spinning in a circle like a dance Dolanan (moldy) in Central Java. With this kind of dance they can dance all night long. In view of this war in terms of dance can be concluded that the people / indigenous (East Timor) like / are good at fighting. And the reality is that, when considered events in East Timor recently.
In addition to the art of dance, the population of East Timor also has unique customs. Both men and women recognize indigenous betel nut. As a result of chewing betel nut is the teeth sometimes black population of East Timor.
Another custom which appears in East Timor is that if there is a family dies, other family wear mourning with black cloth on the left shoulder, as if there is a Chinese family who died.
Regarding the dress habits. Portuguese colonization Akiba way people are forced to deviate from the customs of Indonesian people in general. They just wear gloves and gowns perfunctory only.Sometimes not even wear clothes at all. If what they wear cloth gloves, they do not wear panties. Meereka never wear pants because when the Portuguese colonial power still wearing pants diidenda by the Portuguese Government. As a result of the cruel invaders native Portuguese Timor did not dare enter the city where there lived the Portuguese.
Another effect due to the rigors of the colonial Portuguese influence in making the home. In the field of manufacturing of houses had to adjust to the situation. At that time people were not able to make it home from the walls with tiled roofs. If anyone was able to license difficult to obtain. And when permitted once the tax is high. Because enough people to make it home with a roof of bamboo or wood or leaves from the roof of reeds or siwalan. However, their art nor are they left. Many people make the house like the house in the form of Java. That's pyramid and there are terraced like a loft.
In addition to the indigenous culture, which needs to be explained here is the culture of Portuguese Timor into the culture.
Some Portuguese culture that seep into the native culture is the use of the name, dancing, drinking and so on. For example, the name of the indigenous people who use Portuguese names are names: Arneldo dos Reis Araujo, Lopez da Cruz, Dominggus, Soares and others.
After East Timor's integration with Indonesia. EAST Timorese culture remained in the building and Portuguese culture that brings bad prohibited.
(Source: Sardjono, V.1977. Brothers Return of the Prodigal. Jakarta: PT Sahid & Co. Ministry of Education and Culture.)
Although East Timor was colonized by Portugal for 450 years, but the original culture can still survive. Basically the indigenous culture of the people of East Timor is hardly different from the culture of West Timor. And when examined and compared with the other regional cultures Indonesia is also not much different. An example is the traditional clothes that are oversized clothes chiefs, similar to Tapanuli custom clothing, especially gloves and shawl (which is not much berbedadengan ulos Batak). Also similar to the headband headbands areas in Sumatra.
Similarly sword like the sword of the region, Indonesia.
War dance by using a 2 (two) pieces drawn sword, swung alternately one above and the other below. Then, accompanied by the rhythm of the drum that looks like Java but only closed drum next to it. Accompanied by the rhythm of the gong did everything that reminds us of the dance Reog Ponorogo in East Java.
But the war interrupted the woman dance rhythm similar to Tor-tor dance on the island of Samosir, only style style spinning in a circle like a dance Dolanan (moldy) in Central Java. With this kind of dance they can dance all night long. In view of this war in terms of dance can be concluded that the people / indigenous (East Timor) like / are good at fighting. And the reality is that, when considered events in East Timor recently.
In addition to the art of dance, the population of East Timor also has unique customs. Both men and women recognize indigenous betel nut. As a result of chewing betel nut is the teeth sometimes black population of East Timor.
Another custom which appears in East Timor is that if there is a family dies, other family wear mourning with black cloth on the left shoulder, as if there is a Chinese family who died.
Regarding the dress habits. Portuguese colonization Akiba way people are forced to deviate from the customs of Indonesian people in general. They just wear gloves and gowns perfunctory only.Sometimes not even wear clothes at all. If what they wear cloth gloves, they do not wear panties. Meereka never wear pants because when the Portuguese colonial power still wearing pants diidenda by the Portuguese Government. As a result of the cruel invaders native Portuguese Timor did not dare enter the city where there lived the Portuguese.
Another effect due to the rigors of the colonial Portuguese influence in making the home. In the field of manufacturing of houses had to adjust to the situation. At that time people were not able to make it home from the walls with tiled roofs. If anyone was able to license difficult to obtain. And when permitted once the tax is high. Because enough people to make it home with a roof of bamboo or wood or leaves from the roof of reeds or siwalan. However, their art nor are they left. Many people make the house like the house in the form of Java. That's pyramid and there are terraced like a loft.
In addition to the indigenous culture, which needs to be explained here is the culture of Portuguese Timor into the culture.
Some Portuguese culture that seep into the native culture is the use of the name, dancing, drinking and so on. For example, the name of the indigenous people who use Portuguese names are names: Arneldo dos Reis Araujo, Lopez da Cruz, Dominggus, Soares and others.
After East Timor's integration with Indonesia. EAST Timorese culture remained in the building and Portuguese culture that brings bad prohibited.
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