Kultur Area Jawa di Provinsi Jawa Timur tentang Bersih Desa di Wringinanom, Sambit,Ponorogo/ Javanese culture area in East Java province on Clean Village in Wringinanom, Sambit, Ponorogo FOR GENERAL SOSILOGY
Kultur Area Jawa di Provinsi Jawa Timur tentang Bersih Desa di Wringinanom, Sambit,Ponorogo
(Sumber: Supriyanto, Henri.1997. Upacara Adat Jawa Timur.Surabaya: Dinas Pariwisata Dan Kebudayaan Daerah Propinsi Daerah Tingkat I Jawa Timur.)
Daerah Tingkat II, Kabupaten Ponorogo
A) Latar Belakang Budaya
Desa Wringinanom terletak di kaki gunung Gajah, pada jarak 17 Km dari pusat kota Ponorogo, termasuk wilaya kecamatan Sambit. Desa ini terdiri dari empat dusun, yakni Krajan, Nambangan dan Banyuripan. Luas desa ini 1.069,612 Ha dan dihuni 5.125 jiwa penduduk, dengan mata pencaharian bertani, buruh tani, buruh.
Ragam kesenian rakyat yang dijumpai di desa ini antara lain kesenian Reyog, Reyog thik, gajah-gajahan, wayang kulit, kethoprak, wayang orang, grup karawitan dan kelompok gong gumbeng. Kesenian rakyat tumbuh subur diperkirakan sejak tahun 1637 Masehi.
Dalam cerita rakyat (sastra lisan) dikisahkan pada tahun tersebut seorang bangsawan dari Mataram bernama Iro Giri bermukin di desa ini. Sejak waktu itulah dikembangkan kesenian gong gembong peralatan ini terbuat dari bamboo. Kisah perang Ki Ageng Mangir Wanabaya dengan mertuanya sendiri Panembahan Senopati di Mataram amat popular di kalangan masyarakat Wringinanom.
Upacara adat bersih desa dimulai pada zaman Demang Onggoduwo, peralatan music yang digunakan dalam upacara bersih desa gong gumbeng. Upacara bersih desa diadakan di sendhang Mantilidirjo dusun Banyuripan.
Upacara bersih desa dipandang sebagai salah satu usaha untuk membersihkan desa dari berbagai malapetaka atau gangguan. Rakyat masih banyak mempercayai roh pendiri dan penjaga desa (danyang desa) mampu mendatangkan kebahagiaan atau pun malapetaka kepada seluruh penduduk.
Upacara adat ini mempunyai fungsi pemujaan dan permohonan pemujaan yang dimaksudkan untuk mengucapkan rasa terima kasih kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, dan sekaligus menyadari bahwa manusia merupakan makhluk yang lemah.
Rangkaian Sejarah Bersih Desa
Demang pertama yang mengadakan upacara adat bersih desa adalah Demang Onggoduwo. Demang selanjutnya ialah demang Onggosono, Palang, Maskarsa dan Demang Ranapura atau Talkah.
Pada masa demang kelima ini upacara adat bersih desa pernah terhenti. Dampaknya ialah terjadi berbagai malapetaka di desa, sumur, sendang mongering dan timbul wabah penyakit. Berdasarkan wangsit sesepuh desa, maka diadakanlah upacara-upacara adat bersih desa. Berkat kemurahan Tuhan, sesudah upacara bersih desa hujan pun turun, wabah penyakit pun dapat di atasi.
Sesudah demang kelima, pimpinan desa yang keenam adalah Lurah Dukun, dilanjutkan oleh Lurah Kartawinangun atau Ngemin. Pada zaman Jepang, upacara bersih desa pernah dilarang. Akibatnya muncul wabah dan malapetaka desa. Akhirnya ndara seten (Asisten Wedana) Sambit-Prawirodirdjo memerintahkan pelaksanaan upacara adat bersih desa.
Upacara adat bersih desa akhirnya tetap ditaati oleh Kepala-Kelapa desa berikutnya, yaitu Hardjakusuma, Tumirin dan Arwied Supamin.
Kronologi Pelaksanaan Bersih Desa
1) Pelaksanaan bersih desa hari Jumat Pahing. Berdasarkan hasil rembug desa dan izin para sesepuh, pelaksanaan upacara bersih desa diadakan pada hari Jumat Pahing, setiap bulan Jawa-Sela. Untuk upacara ini disembelih enam ekor kambil, kepala kambing tersebut akhirnya dilarung di Sendang Banyuripan. Pada hari sebelum upacara selamatan, masyarakat melakukan gotong royong memasak di tempat upacara bersih desa.
2) Perlengkapan upacara. Perlengkapan sesaji secara tradisional terdiri dari: pisang raja atau tangkep, kelapa gundhil (kelapa tanpa sabut), beras, cok bakal, sirih kuning, badhek ketan, uang logam, rokok grindho minyak wangi, bedak sisir, dan cermin, merang dan kemenyan. Nasi tumpeng yang dimaksudkan adalah nasi brak yang ditempatkan di “encek” (nampan yang terbuat dari pelepah batang pisang dan bambu)
3) Rangkaian upacara selamatan. Upacara selamatan dengan membakar kemenyan yang dilakukan oleh Kepala Desa, didampingi pamong desa dan sesepuh desa. Sesudah selamatan, dilangsungkan dengan acara hiburan tayub. Tayub in dilaksanakan di halaman Telaga Banyuripan, iringan tayub adalah seperangkat gong gubeng. Cucuk laku pada grup tayub member kesempatan pertama Kepala Desa untuk “ngibing” (menari di pelataran tayub). Sesudah kesempatan ngibing untuk pamong desa, tokoh masyarakat dan akhrinya ke kelompok muda dan segenap penonton yang meminati kesenian tayub. Tradisi bersih desa yang dilestarikan ini juga terkait dengan pelestarian gong gumbeng dan seni tayub.
IN ENGLISH (with google translate Indonesian-english):
(Source: Supriyanto, Henri.1997. Timur.Surabaya Javanese Ceremony: Department of Tourism and Cultural District of the Province of East Java.)
Regional Level II, Ponorogo
A) Background Culture
The village lies at the foot of the mountain Wringinanom Elephants, at a distance of 17 Km from the center of Ponorogo, including Sambit district wilaya. The village consists of four villages, namely Krajan, Nambangan and Banyuripan.Extensive village inhabited 1069.612 Ha and 5125 inhabitants, with livelihood farming, farm workers, laborers.
Variety of folk art found in the village include arts Reyog, Reyog thik, elephant-gajahan, shadow puppets, kethoprak, puppets, musical groups and groups gumbeng gong. Folk arts flourished since the year 1637 AD is expected.
In folklore (oral literature) is told in such a nobleman from Mataram named Iro Giri and dwelt in the village. From that time developed gong art equipment kingpin is made of bamboo. Ki Ageng war stories with in-laws own Wanabaya Mangir Panembahan Senopati Mataram very popular among people Wringinanom.
Net ceremonial village began in the days of Demat Onggoduwo, music equipment used in ceremonial gong gumbeng village clean. The ceremony was held at the village clean sendhang Banyuripan Mantilidirjo hamlet.
Ceremony clean village is seen as an attempt to cleanse the village of the various disasters or disruptions. People still believe in the spirit of its founder and many village guards (danyang villages) can bring happiness or misfortune to the entire population.
This ceremony has the function of worship and adoration petition intended to express my gratitude to Almighty God, and at the same time realizing that humans are weak creatures.
Net History of the Village series
The first Demat holding ceremonial village was Demat Onggoduwo net. Demat next step was demang Onggosono, Cross, Maskarsa and Demat Ranapura or Talkah.
During this fifth demang clean ceremonial village has been postponed. The impact is in the village of calamities, well, spring mongering and disease arise.Based wangsit village elders, it was held ceremonies clean village. Thanks to the grace of God, after the ceremony the rain came down the village clean, disease can be overcome.
After the fifth village headman, village leaders are Lurah Shaman sixth, followed by the village chief or Ngemin Kartawinangun. In the Japanese period, net ceremonial village ever banned. As a result, emerging epidemics and plagues the village. Finally ndara Seten (assistant district officer) ordered the execution Sambit-Prawirodirdjo net ceremonial village.
Net ceremonial village remains ultimately obeyed by the head-Coconut next village, which Hardjakusuma, Tumirin and Arwied Supamin.
Chronology of Implementation of Clean Villages
1) The net villages Pahing Friday. Based on the village consultation and consent of the elders, the implementation of village purification ceremonies are held on Friday Pahing, Java-Sela every month. For this ceremony slaughtered six kambil tail, the head of the goat was eventually floated in Spring Banyuripan. On the day before the ceremony congratulations, mutual aid societies did the cooking at a ceremony where the village clean.
2) Supplies ceremony. Equipment offerings traditionally consists of: plantain or tangkep, gundhil coconut (coconut without husk), rice, would choke, betel yellow, sticky badhek, coins, cigarettes grindho perfume, powder comb and mirror, straw and incense. Rice cone is meant brak rice placed in "encek" (trays made of banana stems and bamboo stem)
3) The series of ceremonies salvation. Salvation by burning incense ceremony conducted by the Village Chief, accompanied by village officials and village elders. After congratulations, held with entertainment tayub. Tayub in Telaga Banyuripan held in the courtyard, is a set of gong accompaniment tayub Gubeng.Cucuk tayub group member behavior on the first opportunity for the village chief "ngibing" (dancing in the courtyard tayub). After ngibing opportunity for village officials, community leaders and youth groups and akhrinya to all the spectators who are interested in art tayub. Net traditions preserved village is also concerned with the preservation of gong tayub gumbeng and art.
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